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Biological Big Bang: Panspermia & the Origins of Life
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The Biological Big Bang Panspermia & the Origins of Life Edited by Chandra Wickramasinghe, Ph.D. Director, Centre for Astrobiology, Cardiff University, United Kingdom List Price: $100.00 ISBN: 9780982955222 ISBN-10: 0982955227 TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. ORIGINS OF LIFE 1. Biological Cosmology and the Origins of Life in the Universe, R. Joseph, Ph.D., Rudolf Schild, Ph.D............1 2. The Imperatives of Cosmic Biology, Carl H. Gibson, Ph.D., and N. Chandra Wickramasinghe, Ph.D..............60 3. The Emergence of Life in the Universe at the Epoch of Dark Energy Domination, Nicola Poccia, Alessandro Ricci, Antonio Bianconi Ph.D.........................................................81 4. First Life in the Oceans of Primordial-Planets: The Biological Big Bang. C.H. Gibson, Ph.D., N.C. Wickramasinghe, Ph.D., R.E. Schild, Ph.D.....................90 II. GENETICS 5. Genetic Gradualism and the ExtraTerrestrial Origin of Life, Alexei A. Sharov, Ph.D......................................112 6. Extraterrestrial Origin of Life and Genetic Gradualism: Commentary, M.A. Line, Ph.D. ..........................126 7. How Universal is the Universal Genetic Code? A Question of ExtraTerrestrial Origins, Marco V. Jos, Ph.D., et al.....132 III. PANSPERMIA 8. Origins, Evolution, and Distribution of Life in the Cosmos: Panspermia, Genetics, Microbes, and Viral Visitors From the Stars, R. Joseph, Ph.D., and R.Schild, Ph.D.........144 9. Mechanisms for Panspermia, W. M. Napier, Ph.D., and N. C. Wickramasinghe, Ph.D. ........................208 10. Microbial Survival Mechanisms and the Interplanetary Transfer of Life Through Space, Robert J. C. McLean, Ph.D., and Malcolm A. C. McLean...............................235 11. The Forgotten History of Panspermia and Theories of Life From Space, M.Wainwright, Ph.D., F. Alshammari, BSc.......252 12. Why Do Some People Reject Panspermia? Mark J. Burchell, Ph.D. ................................................263 13. Musings on the Origin of Life and Panspermia, Milton Wainwright Ph.D..........................................270 14. The Spreading of Life Throughout the Universe, Svante Arrhenius, IV, Ph.D., Nobel Laureate, Director of the Physico-Chemical Nobel Institute, Stockholm......................284 IV. THE ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF LIFE ON EARTH 15. Life on Earth Came From Other Planets, Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D. .................................................297 16. The First Earthlings & the Genetic Seeds of Life: Extra-Terrestrial Genes, and the Origin & Evolution of Genetic Life, R. Joseph, Ph.D., C. Wickramasinghe, Ph.D.................332	V. VIRUSES AND LIFE 17. The Origin of Eukaryotes: Archae, Bacteria, Viruses and Horizontal Gene Transfer, R. Joseph, Ph.D........378 18. Viruses & Life: Can There Be One Without the Other? Matti Jalasvuori, Ph.D., Jaana K.H. Bamford, Ph.D........416 VI. VIRUSES, MICROBES & DISEASES FROM SPACE 19. Are Microbes Currently Arriving to Earth from Space? Milton Wainwright, Ph.D., F. Alshammari, K. Alabri.......429 20. Identification of Micro-Biofossils in Space Dust, Norimune Miyake, Ph.D., Max K. Wallis, Ph.D., Shirwan Al-Mufti, Ph.D. .....................................................443 21. Spectroscopic Evidence of Cosmic Life, N. Chandra Wickramasinghe, Ph.D. ........................................462 22. Tunguska: Comets, Contagion and the Vernadskiy Mission to NEA 2005NB56, Pushkar Ganesh Vaidya. ..................483 23. Comets and Contagion: Evolution and Diseases From Space, R. Joseph, Ph.D., Chandra Wickramasinghe, Ph.D........491 VII. DIRECTED PANSPERMIA 24. Purposeful Panspermia: Th e Other Conquest of Space? Ethical Considerations, Jacques Arnould, Ph.D..............523 25. Seeding the Universe with Life: Securing Our Cosmological Future, M.N. Mautner, Ph.D.......................533 VIII. SEARCH FOR LIFE 26. Searching for life on Habitable Planets and Moons, Ashwini Kumar Lal ....................................................547 27. Numerical Astrophysics, Numerical Astrobiology and the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Life, Duncan Forgan........566 28. The Search for Life on Other Planets: Sulfur-Based, Silicon-Based, Ammonia-Based Life, P.H. Rampelotto.......579 29. Water Worlds, Naive Physics, Intelligent Life, and Alien Minds, Ben Goertzel, Ph.D., Allan Combs, Ph.D......594 30. Water Worlds and Oceans May be Common in the Universe, Robert Tyler, Ph.D. ................................606 31. Extant Life on Mars: Resolving the Issues, G.V. Levin, Ph.D......................620 32. Why Does Life Start, What Does It Do, Where Will It Be, And How Might We Find It? Michael J. Russell, Ph.D., and Isik Kanik, Ph.D. ..................................................633 33. Fossils of Cyanobacteria in CI1 Carbonaceous Meteorites: Implications to Life on Comets, Europa, and Enceladus, Richard B. Hoover, Ph.D. ..............................................670

The Biological Big Bang: Panspermia and the Origins of Life
Edited by
Dr. Chandra Wickramasinghe, Centre for Astrobiology, Cardiff University, UK

Synopsis

Thirty three chapters written by the top scientists in the world, explaining the origins and evolution of life, which arrived here from planets much older than our own. As detailed in this landmark book, life has a genetic ancestry extending backwards in time over 10 billion years. The genetic seeds of life flow throughout the cosmos. Life on Earth came from other planets, and was deposited on Earth, repeatedly, over 4 billion years ago as there is evidence of life in this planet's oldest rocks. Life was delivered by comets, asteroids, meteors, and planetary debris which crashed into the new Earth. Bacteria, archae, and viruses can survive a journey through space and the ejection from and crash landing onto the surface of a planet. Meteors older than our solar system, contain microfossils of bacteria, archae, and viruses. Viruses serve as interplanetary genetic libraries, and accompany microbes which act as genetic messengers from the stars. Once they crashed upon Earth, these microbes and viruses exchanged genes, creating multi-cellular eukaryotes which began to evolve. Life is everywhere in the cosmos, and there are clues that life may exist on Mars, Europa, and possibly on exo-solar super-Earths and water worlds. Earth is not the biological center of the universe. Our ancient ancestors, journeyed here, from the stars.

Dr. Chandra Wickramasinghe (along with his colleague astrophysicist Fred Hoyle) is the "father" of the field known today as "astrobiology". (Hoyle coined the term "The Big Bang" and developed the concept of the "steady state universe".) Dr. Wickramasinghe (along with Dr. Hoyle) has published major controversial discoveries in astro-chemistry and the origins of life; discoveries which indicate life on Earth came from other worlds and was deposited on this planet encased in stellar debris including comets. Building on his work with Dr. Hoyle, Dr. Wickramasinghe has also published major discoveries on diseases from space and (with co-author Dr. Joseph) the genetic ancestry of life on this planet which extends backwards in time billions of years before Earth was formed; discoveries now confirmed by numerous scientists whose work is included in this text.

This text, edited by Dr. Wickramasinghe, includes the peer reviewed scientific work and discoveries of "The Best", most visionary scientists in the field, and presents comprehensive answers to questions which have intrigued humans since the dawn of the time: We are not alone. Life is everywhere. The seeds of life flow throughout the cosmos, and some of the life forms rained down upon the new Earth, and this is how life on Earth began.