tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-114250012026-08-12T22:00:44.843-04:00Rabbi Yosef Gavriel Bechhofer הרב יוסף גבריאל בקהופרYosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.comBlogger2372125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-46507334640464992702026-08-12T08:30:25.956-04:002026-08-12T22:00:44.843-04:00<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/T-cMQu3sUUg?si=u0-U-czv3Puoa_Um" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; white-space: pre-wrap;">For example, if you were in doubt if you made a <i>Borei Pri Ha'Etz</i> you would say</span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; white-space: pre-wrap;">(with the <i>Shem</i>):</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; text-align: start; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; text-align: start; white-space: pre-wrap;">וַיְבָרֶךְ דָּוִיד אֶת ה' לְעֵינֵי כָּל הַקָּהָל וַיֹּאמֶר דָּוִיד בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה' אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אָבִינוּ מֵעוֹלָם וְעַד עוֹלָם: לְךָ ה' הַגְּדֻלָּה וְהַגְּבוּרָה וְהַתִּפְאֶרֶת וְהַנֵּצַח וְהַהוֹד כִּי כֹל בַּשָּׁמַיִם וּבָאָרֶץ לְךָ ה' הַמַּמְלָכָה וְהַמִּתְנַשֵּׂא לְכֹל לְרֹאשׁ בורא פרי העץ </span></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">A recording for the BHP daily Halachic Whatsapp group </span><a href="https://chat.whatsapp.com/Gz8rrxqRcfy9rMOXRLG6GS" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://chat.whatsapp.com/Gz8rrxqRcfy9rMOXRLG6GS</a></span></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">&nbsp;</span></p></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-37699943763163282142026-08-09T15:28:06.868-04:002026-08-09T15:28:06.868-04:00<span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7D-8Rc98FNk?si=XgcLZOo2phz9aqXd" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Fathom Summary:</span></div><div><br /></div><div> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=285.0" title="PLAY @4:45"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">To trace the historical evolution of religion's relationship with the state.</span></a></p> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=640.0" title="PLAY @10:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Ancient Religion:</strong> A nationalized, state-sanctioned force with no conflict between religious and secular justice.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=842.0" title="PLAY @14:02"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Christianity:</strong> A messianic movement that, after its founder's failed return, became a Church. It separated religion from the state, offering only personal salvation and dismissing national law as irrelevant.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1721.0" title="PLAY @28:41"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Modern State:</strong> The state's power eclipsed the Church's. The French Revolution then introduced liberalism, making religion a private matter of conscience and separating belief from state-enforced law.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Ancient State &amp; Nationalized Religion</span></h3> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=5.0" title="PLAY @0:05">A state requires three independent authorities for checks and balances:</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=23.0" title="PLAY @0:23"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Legislative:</strong> Determines laws (e.g., parliament).</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=95.0" title="PLAY @1:35"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Judiciary:</strong> Judges are independent, guided only by conscience.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=146.0" title="PLAY @2:26"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Executive:</strong> The governing body (e.g., cabinet).</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=516.0" title="PLAY @8:36">Ancient religion was nationalized, serving as the state's official divinity.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=705.0" title="PLAY @11:45"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">This created no conflict between religious and national justice.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=660.0" title="PLAY @11:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The state's priests were essentially civil servants.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=322.0" title="PLAY @5:22"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Example:</strong> The Tower of Babel was an attempt to create a universal, authoritarian nation. Its failure led to the "nationalization of divinity," where each nation adopted its own gods.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Christianity: From Messianic Hope to Church</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=774.0" title="PLAY @12:54"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Christianity emerged from a historical "giving up of hope" after Rome's conquest proved the weakness of national gods.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=849.0" title="PLAY @14:09"><strong>Core Beliefs:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=850.0" title="PLAY @14:10"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Accepted the Jewish concept of a merciful Creator.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=882.0" title="PLAY @14:42"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Rejected the concept of God as the "King of the nations" (<code>Hashem Tzva'o</code>).</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=917.0" title="PLAY @15:17"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Focused on personal salvation for the oppressed, symbolized by a single "son of man."</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1102.0" title="PLAY @18:22"><strong>Initial Stance:</strong> A messianic movement focused on an imminent end-of-days.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=972.0" title="PLAY @16:12"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">This led to a separation of religion and state: "Give to God what is God's, and to Caesar what is Caesar's."</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1141.0" title="PLAY @19:01"><strong>Evolution into a Church:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1156.0" title="PLAY @19:16"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">When the end-of-days did not arrive, Christianity became an institution.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1273.0" title="PLAY @21:13"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">It offered personal salvation for the afterlife, dismissing this world's affairs as a "veil of tears."</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1273.0" title="PLAY @21:13"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">It mocked the importance of law, creating a gap between the "holy" and "profane."</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Modern State &amp; Private Religion</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1526.0" title="PLAY @25:26"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Medieval Power Struggle:</strong> The Church demanded supreme governance over states, leading to centuries of conflict.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1793.0" title="PLAY @29:53"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Reformation:</strong> Protestantism subordinated the church to the state, creating national churches (e.g., Anglican).</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1721.0" title="PLAY @28:41"><strong>Enlightenment &amp; French Revolution:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1721.0" title="PLAY @28:41"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The state's power eclipsed the Church's.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1945.0" title="PLAY @32:25"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The French Revolution introduced liberalism, making religion a private matter of conscience.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1945.0" title="PLAY @32:25"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Key Principles:</strong> Freedom of conscience and religious tolerance.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HnxCuduWfQs7Un8LFmDypyZZ-RUDGN1y?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2004.0" title="PLAY @33:24"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Rationale:</strong> Belief cannot be compelled; forced religious activity is unethical hypocrisy.</span></a></li></ul></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">&nbsp;</span></p></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-595877911452815432026-08-07T08:29:02.160-04:002026-08-07T08:29:02.161-04:00<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1FGQsM6rgF/"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1FGQsM6rgF/</span></b></a>&nbsp;</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Image from the Forward article that sparked the conversation:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgwwnbWilZa3BmEMiRtHbhc_fkn_8n31dopgwT6J_UvcZGN7AeRUrSgltc-ZGWI58kfWc-lml0dde2GA8xbVP0dBWjmk2_mxaNEtcFeOK74zioFVSerYslVJRC_Y1kgS99XuN2TpCAnZNQX-aNPseLzc_VgvSZjVy2FKoQBPI4BEPTThFSiEBhd" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1350" data-original-width="2400" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgwwnbWilZa3BmEMiRtHbhc_fkn_8n31dopgwT6J_UvcZGN7AeRUrSgltc-ZGWI58kfWc-lml0dde2GA8xbVP0dBWjmk2_mxaNEtcFeOK74zioFVSerYslVJRC_Y1kgS99XuN2TpCAnZNQX-aNPseLzc_VgvSZjVy2FKoQBPI4BEPTThFSiEBhd" width="320" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-44905835840179939602026-08-05T13:08:44.370-04:002026-08-06T06:37:29.798-04:00<p><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://dafyerushalmi.com/" target="_blank">DafYerushalmi.com</a> wishes Mazel Tov on the completion of Seder Moed this coming Shabbos!&nbsp;</span></p><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://ctrk.klclick.com/l/01KYG9RCRQDBB14FQAFPGFNF58_7" target="_blank">Click here</a> for the FREE DOWNLOAD of the Schottenstein English Edition &amp; Hebrew Edition Yerushalmi on the ArtScroll Digital Library</span></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEian6QcySx19E7_tKAIpPDXz4KLttUTcJnBxIdG54ihwC7YLiQ0N-sI_E1-Wvswd9wO2YPjByiVCbXGS5nyRSrNctBJpAMqgY1CHmI3MNmdCktviLyA8AGAzk89kFA2ha5_fRI786f1V5A5w-lEPOBQxICFmr16RQJbWDfbER5HrMARUdRey95O" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><img data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1221" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEian6QcySx19E7_tKAIpPDXz4KLttUTcJnBxIdG54ihwC7YLiQ0N-sI_E1-Wvswd9wO2YPjByiVCbXGS5nyRSrNctBJpAMqgY1CHmI3MNmdCktviLyA8AGAzk89kFA2ha5_fRI786f1V5A5w-lEPOBQxICFmr16RQJbWDfbER5HrMARUdRey95O=w488-h640" width="488" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: large;"><b>Join our Talmud Yerushalmi WhatsApp group!</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://chat.whatsapp.com/LHnRjczZBgNKT51A6dqyV7"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: large;">https://chat.whatsapp.com/LHnRjczZBgNKT51A6dqyV7</span></a></div><br /><p></p>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-70411132780986790042026-08-02T11:30:44.359-04:002026-08-02T11:30:44.359-04:00<span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/PB8-yTCD5IM?si=NIINvJpEtr0hCbrK" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Fathom Summary:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div><h1><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Moriah by Rabbi Dr Isaac Breuer&nbsp;</span></h1><h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></h2> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=52.0" title="PLAY @0:52"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Reviewing Rabbi Dr. Isaac Breuer's philosophy on the modern state.</span></a></p> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=52.0" title="PLAY @0:52"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Sovereign State as a "Tower of Babel":</strong> Modern states are a materialization of the Tower of Babel's "let us make a name for ourselves" ethos, making them the primary source of war by recognizing no law higher than their own.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=416.0" title="PLAY @6:56"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>International Law Is Powerless:</strong> "International law" is not true law but an arbitrary arrangement, powerless to compel strong nations because it lacks a sovereign enforcement mechanism.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=844.0" title="PLAY @14:04"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Sovereignty Corrupts Justice:</strong> The state's claim to absolute sovereignty replaces justice with loyalty ("my country, right or wrong"), creating both internal social conflict and external war.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1966.0" title="PLAY @32:46"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Democratic Dilemma:</strong> Democracy's attempt to temper sovereignty with a separation of powers (Montesquieu) is fragile, especially in states without a written constitution, as seen in Israel's current judicial crisis.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Sovereign State &amp; International Anarchy</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=52.0" title="PLAY @0:52"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Breuer (d. 1946) views the modern sovereign state as a materialization of the Tower of Babel's "let us make a name for ourselves" ethos.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=183.0" title="PLAY @3:03"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">This sovereignty makes the state the sole source of law, recognizing no higher authority.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=211.0" title="PLAY @3:31"><strong>Result →</strong> International relations become a "society of nations" based on might, not law.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=727.0" title="PLAY @12:07"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Treaties are mere ceasefires, not true peace.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=416.0" title="PLAY @6:56"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">"International law" is an arbitrary arrangement, not true law, because it lacks a sovereign enforcement mechanism.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=511.0" title="PLAY @8:31"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">This powerlessness is evident in forums like the League of Nations and the UN.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Sovereignty vs. Justice</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=844.0" title="PLAY @14:04"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Breuer argues that sovereignty replaces justice with loyalty ("my country, right or wrong").</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=890.0" title="PLAY @14:50">This creates a "double war":</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=890.0" title="PLAY @14:50"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Internal:</strong> Social conflict from a lack of absolute justice.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=890.0" title="PLAY @14:50"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>External:</strong> War between states.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=956.0" title="PLAY @15:56"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Breuer's 1940s perspective contrasts with earlier optimism (e.g., Rav Kook, Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch) about society's ethical evolution, recognizing that nationalism was not being superseded.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Types of States &amp; Citizenship</span></h3> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1031.0" title="PLAY @17:11">Breuer categorizes states by their national composition:</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1084.0" title="PLAY @18:04"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>National State:</strong> Homogenous population; the state fully absorbs the nation's will.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1250.0" title="PLAY @20:50"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Multi-National State:</strong> Multiple nationalities (e.g., Austro-Hungarian Empire); the state limits its will to benefit member ethnicities.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1347.0" title="PLAY @22:27"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Covenantal State:</strong> A multi-national state formed by agreement among its constituent nations.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1552.0" title="PLAY @25:52"><strong>Citizenship:</strong> A legal concept from the French Revolution intended to create unity by treating all people as equals.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1451.0" title="PLAY @24:11"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Breuer's Critique:</strong> This ideal fails in practice, as states still grant different rights to citizens vs. non-citizens.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">State Constitutions &amp; the Democratic Dilemma</span></h3> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1723.0" title="PLAY @28:43">Breuer identifies three constitutional structures:</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1723.0" title="PLAY @28:43"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Absolute State:</strong> Will is determined by a single leader (monarch, president).</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1792.0" title="PLAY @29:52"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Democracy:</strong> Will is determined by the people via a parliament.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1844.0" title="PLAY @30:44"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Totalitarian State:</strong> Will is determined by a single party's ideology (e.g., Nazi, Communist).</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1966.0" title="PLAY @32:46"><strong>The Democratic Dilemma:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1966.0" title="PLAY @32:46"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Democracy's attempt to temper sovereignty is the separation of powers (Montesquieu).</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2012.0" title="PLAY @33:32"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Purpose:</strong> To prevent the state's will from completely absorbing the individual.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2069.0" title="PLAY @34:29"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Fragility:</strong> This system is vulnerable, especially in states without a written constitution, as seen in Israel's current judicial crisis.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Next Steps</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/_5JQmc9nC-Cr_bqL7qa-ax3zxwGjY2U6?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2135.0" title="PLAY @35:35"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Continue the discussion, focusing on Breuer's concept of a "Torah state" and how it could function in the modern era.</span></a></li> </ul><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">&nbsp;</span></p></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-53260624259530085102026-07-31T11:38:05.778-04:002026-08-06T09:23:41.388-04:00<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; 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box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: small;"><br /></span></h1><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: small;">Rischa D'Araisa Summer Special:</span></h1><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.875rem; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Charedi Bein Hazmanim</span></h1><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.875rem; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Battle Weary Bochur on "Military" Leave</span></h1><div><a href="https://listen.jewishpodcasts.fm/yeshivaofnewark/121021"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">https://listen.jewishpodcasts.fm/yeshivaofnewark/121021</span></a></div></div></div><h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></h2><h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Fathom Summary:</span></h2><h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></h2> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=109.0" title="PLAY @1:49"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Analyze recent Haredi rabbinic statements and their underlying worldview.</span></a></p> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=755.0" title="PLAY @12:35"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Recent rabbinic statements (by R' Aaron Levy, R' Sorotzkin) infantilize yeshiva students, creating a self-serving mythology that elevates their Torah study above all other service, including IDF duty.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=913.0" title="PLAY @15:13"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">This worldview is rooted in an extreme interpretation of <em>Torah Lishma</em> (study for its own sake), which justifies a positive form of <em>gaiva</em> (pride/arrogance) to maintain social status and insulate the community.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1620.0" title="PLAY @27:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The resulting cognitive dissonance—e.g., supporting right-wing politics while rejecting the IDF—is enabled by extreme insularity, which fosters ignorance and moral blindness.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1829.0" title="PLAY @30:29"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The community's silence on these statements may signal indifference, a response to the perceived ineffectiveness of constant criticism.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Problem: Recent Rabbinic Statements</span></h3> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=218.0" title="PLAY @3:38"><strong>R' Aaron Levy (Video):</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=225.0" title="PLAY @3:45"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Advice:</strong> Pamper yeshiva students during <em>Ben Hazmanim</em> (vacation); don't ask them to help or criticize late sleeping.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=276.0" title="PLAY @4:36"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Analogy:</strong> Compared students to IDF soldiers returning from a war zone, implying their spiritual struggle is equivalent to physical combat.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=601.0" title="PLAY @10:01"><strong>R' Sorotzkin (Mishpacha Podcast):</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=829.0" title="PLAY @13:49"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Contradiction:</strong> Stated students are "partners with God" for creating a <em>chiddush</em> (new insight), yet also advised parents to tell them to help with dishes if idle.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1318.0" title="PLAY @21:58"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Political Stance:</strong> Voting for a Haredi party by choice is "destroying Torah"; the only valid vote is blind obedience to rabbinic instruction.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Root Cause: An Extreme Worldview</span></h3> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=415.0" title="PLAY @6:55"><strong>Positive <em>Gaiva</em> (Pride/Arrogance):</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=482.0" title="PLAY @8:02"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The yeshiva system is based on <em>gaiva</em>, a strategy to elevate the status of students who were historically looked down upon.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=521.0" title="PLAY @8:41"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">This pride is framed as a necessary tool for waging "war" against external pressures (e.g., army service) and internal competition.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=913.0" title="PLAY @15:13"><strong>Extreme <em>Torah Lishma</em>:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=965.0" title="PLAY @16:05"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The worldview stems from R' Chaim Volozhin's interpretation of <em>Torah Lishma</em> as study purely for its own sake, detached from worldly application.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=965.0" title="PLAY @16:05"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Contrast:</strong> Other views see <em>Torah Lishma</em> as a guide for life (R' Samson Raphael Hirsch, Kotzker) or a means to <em>dveikus</em> (connection to God) (Baal Shem Tov).</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Consequences: Contradictions &amp; Insularity</span></h3> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1620.0" title="PLAY @27:00"><strong>Cognitive Dissonance:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1620.0" title="PLAY @27:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Politics:</strong> Supporting right-wing politics while rejecting the IDF, which executes those policies.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1564.0" title="PLAY @26:04"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Curiosity:</strong> Encouraging independence in Torah study while demanding conformity in all other areas of life.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=786.0" title="PLAY @13:06"><strong>Infantilization:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=780.0" title="PLAY @13:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Treating grown men as children who need to be told whether or not to help at home.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1121.0" title="PLAY @18:41"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Analogy:</strong> The Gra vs. Baal Shem Tov debate on prioritizing study over family needs, highlighting the tension between these worldviews.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1994.0" title="PLAY @33:14"><strong>Insularity &amp; Denial:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1994.0" title="PLAY @33:14"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Physical separation (Haredi-only cities) fosters ignorance of external realities.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2047.0" title="PLAY @34:07"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Example:</strong> A Haredi boy unaware of ongoing conflicts in Israel.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1740.0" title="PLAY @29:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Example:</strong> MK Maklev's claim that one cannot be both a soldier and a serious learner, despite evidence to the contrary.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/hoGLwn1y-xBg6Mi_QT-z3suubhpczJiy?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2080.0" title="PLAY @34:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Example:</strong> The <em>Moetzes Chachmei HaTorah</em>'s letter to the Supreme Court, rejecting the court's authority while simultaneously engaging with it.</span></a></li></ul></li></ul>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-55972456792750120782026-07-31T10:56:37.923-04:002026-07-31T10:56:37.923-04:00<div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/txwTshPob9U?si=K1DPlMYRgsLDEQXp" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">A BHP Productions video on the Parasha. </span></span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://chat.whatsapp.com/I4CFQwInPXNATfQSMNOeRV"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">https://chat.whatsapp.com/I4CFQwInPXNATfQSMNOeRV</span></a></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</p></div></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-1005263602688076232026-07-28T15:12:18.997-04:002026-07-28T22:39:15.042-04:00<p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">&nbsp;</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.875rem; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: large;">Rischa D'Araisa Season 13 Finale:</span></h1><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: x-large;">From Micro to Macro:</span></h1><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: x-large;">Forgoing and Forgiving</span></h1><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;">in our interpersonal relationships can change our whole society</span></h1><div><a href="https://listen.jewishpodcasts.fm/yeshivaofnewark/120764"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">https://listen.jewishpodcasts.fm/yeshivaofnewark/120764</span></a></div></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-73029079627852973152026-07-27T12:21:37.021-04:002026-07-27T12:21:37.022-04:00<u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ghuM3DDyj5U?si=XaG_8i9i8RgpeTVP" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span></u><div><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></u></div><div><h1><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Uganda Shiur - July 27</span></u></h1><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2" style="font-size: 13px;" target="_blank"><b>VIEW RECORDING - 34 mins (No highlights)</b></a><br /></span></u><h2><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></u></h2> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=28.0" title="PLAY @0:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">To explore the historical significance and customs of Tu B'Av.</span></a></p> <h2><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></u></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=73.0" title="PLAY @1:13"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Tu B'Av (15th of Av)</strong> was historically a major holiday, second only to Yom Kippur in joy, because it marked the resolution of several national crises.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=122.0" title="PLAY @2:02"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Historical resolutions</strong> included lifting inter-tribal marriage bans, ending the wilderness generation's deaths, and securing burial for the Beitara dead.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1260.0" title="PLAY @21:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>A central custom</strong> was a matchmaking dance, where women in borrowed white garments would dance in vineyards for men to find wives.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1060.0" title="PLAY @17:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Tu B'Av marks a seasonal shift</strong>, signaling the end of summer wood-cutting and the start of longer nights, prompting increased Torah study.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></u></h2> <h3><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Historical Significance &amp; Joy</span></u></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=73.0" title="PLAY @1:13"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Mishnah in Tractate Taanit (30B) states Tu B'Av and Yom Kippur were the two happiest days for the Jewish people.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=122.0" title="PLAY @2:02"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Gemara provides multiple reasons for Tu B'Av's joy, each marking a resolution to a national crisis.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Reasons for Tu B'Av's Joy</span></u></h3> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=129.0" title="PLAY @2:09"><strong>Inter-Tribal Marriage Permitted</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=140.0" title="PLAY @2:20"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Problem:</strong> A Torah law initially prohibited inter-tribal marriage to prevent inheritance from leaving a tribe's land.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=250.0" title="PLAY @4:10"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Resolution:</strong> Sages interpreted the law as applying only to the first generation entering Israel.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=293.0" title="PLAY @4:53"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Outcome:</strong> The marriage barrier was removed on Tu B'Av, fostering unity.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=317.0" title="PLAY @5:17"><strong>Tribe of Benjamin Reintegrated</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=327.0" title="PLAY @5:27"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Problem:</strong> The other tribes ostracized Benjamin and swore an oath not to intermarry after a severe incident (Judges 19-21), threatening the tribe's survival.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=421.0" title="PLAY @7:01"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Resolution:</strong> Sages interpreted the oath's wording ("none of us") to apply only to the generation that swore it, not their descendants.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=444.0" title="PLAY @7:24"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Outcome:</strong> The oath was dissolved on Tu B'Av, allowing intermarriage and saving the tribe.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=529.0" title="PLAY @8:49"><strong>Wilderness Generation's Deaths Ceased</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=644.0" title="PLAY @10:44"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Problem:</strong> As punishment for the Sin of the Spies, 15,000 people died annually on Tisha B'Av for 40 years.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=686.0" title="PLAY @11:26"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Resolution:</strong> In the 40th year, no one died on Tisha B'Av. The full moon of Tu B'Av confirmed the calendar was correct, proving the decree had ended.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=568.0" title="PLAY @9:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Outcome:</strong> God's highest level of prophecy returned to Moses, as the nation was now worthy.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=761.0" title="PLAY @12:41"><strong>Pilgrimage to Jerusalem Restored</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=822.0" title="PLAY @13:42"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Problem:</strong> After the kingdom split, King Jeroboam blocked northern Jews from Jerusalem, forcing worship at golden calves in Bethel and Dan to prevent a return to the southern kingdom.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=875.0" title="PLAY @14:35"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Resolution:</strong> The last northern king, Hosea, removed the guards on Tu B'Av, allowing free pilgrimage to Jerusalem.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=875.0" title="PLAY @14:35"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Outcome:</strong> Though short-lived before exile, this act was celebrated as a return to unity.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=920.0" title="PLAY @15:20"><strong>Beitara Dead Buried</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=920.0" title="PLAY @15:20"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Problem:</strong> After the failed Bar Kochba revolt, Romans left hundreds of thousands of Jewish dead from the Battle of Beitara unburied for 70 years.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=920.0" title="PLAY @15:20"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Resolution:</strong> Romans finally permitted burial on Tu B'Av.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=920.0" title="PLAY @15:20"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Outcome:</strong> A blessing was added to the post-meal prayer, thanking God for the bodies not decomposing and for enabling their burial.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1060.0" title="PLAY @17:40"><strong>End of Wood-Cutting for the Temple</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1065.0" title="PLAY @17:45"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Problem:</strong> The Temple required dry, worm-free wood for the altar, which was only available in summer.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1065.0" title="PLAY @17:45"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Resolution:</strong> Wood-cutting ceased on Tu B'Av, as the sun's strength weakened and the wood would no longer dry properly.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1150.0" title="PLAY @19:10"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Outcome:</strong> A celebration, "the breaking of the axe," marked the end of the season and the trees' respite.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Tu B'Av Customs &amp; Symbolism</span></u></h3> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1260.0" title="PLAY @21:00"><strong>Matchmaking Dance</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1260.0" title="PLAY @21:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">A central custom where women in borrowed white garments danced in vineyards for men to find wives.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1336.0" title="PLAY @22:16"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Modesty:</strong> Borrowing clothes ensured no one felt ashamed of their own garments.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1418.0" title="PLAY @23:38"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Ritual Purity:</strong> Garments required immersion in a <em>mikvah</em> (ritual bath) before use to ensure ritual purity.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1507.0" title="PLAY @25:07"><strong>Women's Messages to Suitors</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1550.0" title="PLAY @25:50"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Beautiful:</strong> "Set your eyes toward beauty, for a wife is for beauty."</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1570.0" title="PLAY @26:10"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Distinguished Lineage:</strong> "Set your eyes toward family, for a wife is for children."</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1593.0" title="PLAY @26:33"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Less Attractive:</strong> "Acquire your purchase for the sake of Heaven, provided you adorn us with golden jewelry."</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1641.0" title="PLAY @27:21"><strong>End-of-Days Dance of the Righteous</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1641.0" title="PLAY @27:21"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">A metaphor for the future redemption, where the righteous dance in a circle around God.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1752.0" title="PLAY @29:12"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Symbolism:</strong> The circle represents that all sincere paths to God are equally valid and precious, as all points are equidistant from the center.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Tu B'Av's Modern Significance</span></u></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1170.0" title="PLAY @19:30"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Seasonal Shift:</strong> Marks the start of shorter days and longer nights.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1190.0" title="PLAY @19:50"><strong>Torah Study:</strong> Prompts a gradual increase in nightly Torah study.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1190.0" title="PLAY @19:50"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Rationale:</strong> Longer nights provide more time for learning.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1190.0" title="PLAY @19:50"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Proverb:</strong> "One who adds to his nightly Torah study will add years to his life."</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1892.0" title="PLAY @31:32"><strong>Preparation for Rosh Hashanah</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1892.0" title="PLAY @31:32"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Tu B'Av is 40 days before the 25th of Elul, the day creation began.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1892.0" title="PLAY @31:32"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">This aligns with the Gemara's teaching that a heavenly announcement for a future marriage is made 40 days before conception.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/Pxx465V3Mj1ALjEAt4wZiEDGeizGvoQ2?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1892.0" title="PLAY @31:32"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Tu B'Av is a time to begin preparing and praying for a good year ahead.</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-72243918519018148152026-07-26T11:23:17.932-04:002026-07-26T11:23:17.932-04:00<div style="text-align: center;"><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/N_lsHDE7yPo?si=DnTbw8uJNQMWrwQM" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span></u></div><div><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></u></div><div><h1><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Moriah by Rabbi Dr Isaac Breuer: Part&nbsp;6, State vs Land &amp; People, State Above All</span></u></h1><h2><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></u></h2> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=35.0" title="PLAY @0:35"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">To analyze Rabbi Dr. Isaac Breuer's philosophy of nation and state.</span></a></p> <h2><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></u></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=941.0" title="PLAY @15:41"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Nation vs. State:</strong> A nation is a historical, synthetic concept defined by shared destiny, not by common language, race, culture, or land. A state is a legal entity with a defined territory, population, and sovereign will.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1390.0" title="PLAY @23:10"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Autonomous State:</strong> This state is a "legal personality" with an omnipotent will, independent of its citizens. It is the sole source of law within its borders and claims absolute authority, effectively becoming its own god.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2188.0" title="PLAY @36:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Justice as a Tool:</strong> The autonomous state uses "justice" as a rhetorical tool, especially during crises, but its true highest value is its own existence and power. It will sacrifice justice for its own "greater good."</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=816.0" title="PLAY @13:36"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Am Yisrael's Uniqueness:</strong> Am Yisrael is unique because its identity is defined by the Torah, not by land. This non-Zionist view makes the land of Israel a crucial tool for its mission, but not the mission's defining essence.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></u></h2> <h3><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Defining a Nation</span></u></h3> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=146.0" title="PLAY @2:26"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Breuer defines a nation as a "synthetic concept," a whole greater than the sum of its parts, with a spiritual component (a "tsar" or angelic official). He rejects common definitions:</span></a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=234.0" title="PLAY @3:54"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Language:</strong> Common language (e.g., US/UK) does not guarantee a single nation.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=330.0" title="PLAY @5:30"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Race:</strong> No pure race exists; racism is a tool for oppression.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=416.0" title="PLAY @6:56"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Culture:</strong> Culture is a manifestation, not the essence. The Romani people, for example, have a culture but are not a nation because they lack a "historical ambition."</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=555.0" title="PLAY @9:15"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Land:</strong> Land is a manifestation of national character, but not the defining feature. A nation can survive without its land (e.g., Poland for 200 years).</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=720.0" title="PLAY @12:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> A nation is defined by a common historical destiny. Language, race, culture, and land are merely narratives that express this destiny.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Defining the State</span></u></h3> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=941.0" title="PLAY @15:41"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Breuer distinguishes a nation from a state, a legal entity with three components:</span></a></p> <ol> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1020.0" title="PLAY @17:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Land of the State (Eretz HaMedina):</strong> The defined territory.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1014.0" title="PLAY @16:54"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Nation of the State (Am HaMedina):</strong> The population living within the land.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1037.0" title="PLAY @17:17"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Will of the State (Ratzon HaMedina):</strong> A sovereign will that unifies the land and people.</span></a></li> </ol> <h3><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Autonomous State: A Legal Personality</span></u></h3> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1488.0" title="PLAY @24:48"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The autonomous state is a "legal personality" with a will independent of its citizens.</span></a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1390.0" title="PLAY @23:10"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Omnipotent Authority:</strong> It is the sole source of law within its borders and claims absolute power.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1990.0" title="PLAY @33:10"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Self-Justifying Existence:</strong> It severs ties with the laws that created it, making its own existence the highest law.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2163.0" title="PLAY @36:03"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>"Holy Self":</strong> It becomes its own god, demanding absolute loyalty and declaring, "You shall have no other gods besides me."</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Justice vs. State Interest</span></u></h3> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2188.0" title="PLAY @36:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The state uses "justice" as a rhetorical tool, especially during crises.</span></a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2188.0" title="PLAY @36:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Subordinate Value:</strong> Justice is not an absolute value; the state's own survival and "greater good" are paramount.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2248.0" title="PLAY @37:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Cover for Crimes:</strong> This ideology can be used to justify atrocities under the guise of patriotism.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Am Yisrael: A Unique Nation</span></u></h3> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=816.0" title="PLAY @13:36"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Am Yisrael's definition is unique and distinct from other nations.</span></a></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=832.0" title="PLAY @13:52"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Torah-Centric Identity:</strong> Its identity is defined by the Torah, not by the land of Israel.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=832.0" title="PLAY @13:52"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Land as a Tool:</strong> Eretz Yisrael is a crucial tool for the Jewish people's mission, not the mission's defining essence. This contrasts with religious Zionism, which elevates the land to the central goal.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/B_NSUqkP6jE8dJwn4SWn9MsKsPQCTwy3?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=913.0" title="PLAY @15:13"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>"Glorifying Golus":</strong> This perspective gives a positive spin to exile, as the nation's identity remains intact through the Torah.</span></a></li> </ul><p><u><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">&nbsp;</span></u></p></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-4565410672049135362026-07-23T20:09:52.303-04:002026-07-23T20:09:52.303-04:00<div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9csSNwxkyik?si=RfPbUQq1RjPv6LHj" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div><h1><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></h1> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=28.0" title="PLAY @0:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Analyze the Book of Job's theological debate on suffering.</span></a></p> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=100.0" title="PLAY @1:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Core Problem:</strong> The Book of Job challenges the <em>mida k'neged mida</em> (measure-for-measure) principle by depicting the righteous suffering and the wicked prospering, which appears to be random injustice.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=316.0" title="PLAY @5:16"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Ramban's Solution:</strong> Suffering without sin can be explained by <em>sod ha'ibur</em> (a soul-spark from a prior generation) or <em>gilgul</em> (reincarnation), which allows for atonement for past deeds.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=493.0" title="PLAY @8:13"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Job's Evolving Complaints:</strong> Job's arguments shift from blaming astrology to accusing God of random injustice, then questioning why an omniscient God needs to test him or prove power.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1420.0" title="PLAY @23:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Friends' Flawed Responses:</strong> The friends offer inadequate answers, either by denying Job's righteousness (Bildad) or by asserting God's hidden wisdom (Zophar) without providing a satisfying explanation for the suffering.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Problem: Suffering of the Righteous</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=100.0" title="PLAY @1:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Book of Job challenges the <em>mida k'neged mida</em> principle, showing that reward and punishment are not always proportional to actions.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=179.0" title="PLAY @2:59"><strong>Examples:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=100.0" title="PLAY @1:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Job, an "absolute tzaddik," suffers immensely.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=228.0" title="PLAY @3:48"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Rabbi Akiva endured a horrific death, which Moshe Rabbeinu questioned as disproportionate to any minor misdeeds.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=316.0" title="PLAY @5:16"><strong>Ramban's Resolution:</strong> Suffering without sin is a divine secret (<em>sod ha'ibur</em> or <em>gilgul</em>).</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=380.0" title="PLAY @6:20"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Sod ha'ibur:</strong> A spark (<em>nitzos</em>) of a prior tzaddik's soul enters a living person, who then atones for that soul's past deeds.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=451.0" title="PLAY @7:31"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Gilgul:</strong> Reincarnation allows a soul to atone for its own sins from a previous life.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Job's Evolving Complaints</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=493.0" title="PLAY @8:13"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Job's arguments against his suffering evolve through three stages:</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=493.0" title="PLAY @8:13"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>1. Astrology:</strong> Initially, Job blames his suffering on bad astrological fortune from his birth, cursing his existence.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=900.0" title="PLAY @15:00"><strong>2. Random Injustice:</strong> After Eliphaz refutes astrology, Job's complaint shifts to God's deliberate, yet seemingly random, injustice.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=971.0" title="PLAY @16:11"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Argument:</strong> God is too great to care about individual humans, treating them like animals subject to random events, not divine justice.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1622.0" title="PLAY @27:02"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Evidence:</strong> The innocent and wicked are destroyed together by natural disasters, proving a lack of individual divine oversight (<em>hashkocha pratit</em>).</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1830.0" title="PLAY @30:30"><strong>3. Unnecessary Testing:</strong> Job questions why God needs to test him.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1830.0" title="PLAY @30:30"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Rationale:</strong> An omniscient God already knows a person's character and has no need to prove power, making the suffering pointless.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Friends' Flawed Responses</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2123.0" title="PLAY @35:23"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The friends' arguments are ultimately rejected by God as inadequate.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=571.0" title="PLAY @9:31"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Eliphaz:</strong> Rejects astrology, stating suffering is a divine rebuke (<em>musar</em>) for a hidden sin, meant for the sufferer's benefit.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1420.0" title="PLAY @23:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Bildad:</strong> Directly accuses Job's children of sin, implying Job's own suffering is a just punishment.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1947.0" title="PLAY @32:27"><strong>Zophar:</strong> Asserts God's hidden wisdom and duality (revealed vs. concealed).</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/sxqKFFxbhyVEVxmWSgcPe3UUZkympwSu?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2160.0" title="PLAY @36:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Argument:</strong> God is merciful, punishing less than deserved. If God tolerates the wicked, He will surely not harm the truly righteous.</span></a></li></ul></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">&nbsp;</span></p> <span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/R7GJ0IOYrIE?si=BU1h7hZv-6yS3jJ4" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div><h1><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></h1> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=17.0" title="PLAY @0:17"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">To analyze the Ramban's summary of the Book of Job, focusing on Elihu's role and the ultimate resolution.</span></a></p> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=527.0" title="PLAY @8:47"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Elihu's Cryptic Answer:</strong> Elihu offers a "new response" that silences Job. The Ramban states its true meaning is a secret of Kabbalah (likely <em>gilgul</em>—reincarnation) and cannot be written, but the answer is sufficient for Job.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=994.0" title="PLAY @16:34"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>God's Rebuke &amp; Job's Repentance:</strong> God's rebuke highlights human ignorance of the natural world, implying divine justice is similarly hidden but present. This prompts Job's repentance for questioning God's justice.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=694.0" title="PLAY @11:34"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Friends' Error:</strong> Job's three friends are punished for falsely claiming suffering proves wickedness. This inadvertently creates an opening for Job's heresy by suggesting he was punished without judgment.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1531.0" title="PLAY @25:31"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Value of the Question:</strong> The Ramban justifies the book's frustrating lack of a full answer, calling it a "claim of fools" to reject the process. Asking the question itself is a valuable act of wisdom that strengthens faith.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Elihu's Intervention &amp; Cryptic Answer</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=43.0" title="PLAY @0:43"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Elihu, a new character, rebukes both Job for self-justification and the friends for their flawed logic.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=452.0" title="PLAY @7:32">Elihu's answer is a "new response" that silences Job, who does not reply.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=488.0" title="PLAY @8:08"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Ramban's Interpretation:</strong> Job's silence signifies acceptance, not dismissal.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=527.0" title="PLAY @8:47">The Ramban states Elihu's true meaning is a secret of Kabbalah that cannot be written down.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=605.0" title="PLAY @10:05"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Likely Secret:</strong> <em>Gilgul</em> (reincarnation), where suffering atones for sins from a previous life.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1422.0" title="PLAY @23:42"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Rationale for Secrecy:</strong> The knowledge is easily misunderstood or abused by the masses.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">God's Rebuke &amp; Job's Repentance</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=994.0" title="PLAY @16:34"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">God's direct rebuke to Job highlights human ignorance of the natural world's wonders.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=994.0" title="PLAY @16:34"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Implied Message:</strong> Just as the natural world has hidden order, divine judgment has a hidden, just rationale.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=859.0" title="PLAY @14:19">This prompts Job's repentance (<em>teshuva</em>) for questioning God's justice.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=859.0" title="PLAY @14:19"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Job acknowledges his limited understanding and recants his statements, accepting God's righteousness.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Friends' Error &amp; Punishment</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=694.0" title="PLAY @11:34"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">God punishes the three friends for their false claim that suffering proves wickedness.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=786.0" title="PLAY @13:06"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Rationale:</strong> Their logic inadvertently created an opening for Job's heresy by suggesting he was punished without judgment.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=707.0" title="PLAY @11:47"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Elihu's Exemption:</strong> Elihu is not punished because his intentions were sincere, even if his understanding was incomplete.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Value of the Question</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1531.0" title="PLAY @25:31"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Ramban justifies the book's frustrating lack of a full, explicit answer.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1584.0" title="PLAY @26:24"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Rationale:</strong> Rejecting the process of asking the question is a "claim of fools."</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1584.0" title="PLAY @26:24"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Benefit:</strong> The act of asking the question itself is a valuable act of wisdom that strengthens faith.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2221.0" title="PLAY @37:01"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Analogy:</strong> A 75% answer validates the existence of a full answer, even if the remaining 25% is hidden.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/vTAqXcKShdLmis2M7q6dXis6eyQxah3D?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1506.0" title="PLAY @25:06"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The book teaches us to trust in God's hidden justice, even when it is not fully understood.</span></a></li> </ul><br /></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-83904101019578116972026-07-23T17:52:19.640-04:002026-07-23T17:52:19.640-04:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPOVCaN_iP6iwI7G0xBzaMn-kBLUCrq2WcXnbIUZbW5mBw2jI1naZlIPzQA9NOd5CvPFy3arXQCQR8cDdHmf8F9SiEfMWUR2pWMtP6V7H5c9jh4IZibbB-JkzIMV8_H1ZC4n87thLAviSNDnuj6P8K74aDap3rTCfZ2ZdkYFrIfcKuwz8JvKNy/s1408/Gemini_Generated_Image_6z5lui6z5lui6z5l.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1408" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPOVCaN_iP6iwI7G0xBzaMn-kBLUCrq2WcXnbIUZbW5mBw2jI1naZlIPzQA9NOd5CvPFy3arXQCQR8cDdHmf8F9SiEfMWUR2pWMtP6V7H5c9jh4IZibbB-JkzIMV8_H1ZC4n87thLAviSNDnuj6P8K74aDap3rTCfZ2ZdkYFrIfcKuwz8JvKNy/s320/Gemini_Generated_Image_6z5lui6z5lui6z5l.png" width="320" /></b></span></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>This playlist has last year's (5785) introductions (audio) and this year's (5786) introductions (video) by Rabbi Eliyahu Wincelberg, the Mara d'Asra, and myself.</b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXhYlGVtIOa_00zsMYbaYaCIuu2g2mfGB"><span style="font-size: large;">https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXhYlGVtIOa_00zsMYbaYaCIuu2g2mfGB</span></a></p>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-34369665625761169812026-07-23T01:14:46.446-04:002026-07-23T18:28:29.482-04:00<p>&nbsp;</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVFQAMdRp193Uji3kzEuTvXYdbZrr3f7AnHg7Mi0cPD11jHq26uSNTAwnIkNgpMiyzaeAJASRIy5dRPjNrN5-AOGMbGsrlXJhO_1egJQsVsdRZAjeIZvokmmsujyMbRz2IHwDYYZJSYGkKaaXu1OPuKU6r8hYaSWSQFxglEThrjrAyxxCyahSD/s3000/1000503444.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2864" data-original-width="3000" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVFQAMdRp193Uji3kzEuTvXYdbZrr3f7AnHg7Mi0cPD11jHq26uSNTAwnIkNgpMiyzaeAJASRIy5dRPjNrN5-AOGMbGsrlXJhO_1egJQsVsdRZAjeIZvokmmsujyMbRz2IHwDYYZJSYGkKaaXu1OPuKU6r8hYaSWSQFxglEThrjrAyxxCyahSD/s320/1000503444.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">mentioned at the end of this video, as a conclusion to <i>Kinnos</i>&nbsp;5786:</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/am2aNv5W5hk?si=MAbV83D3V4x7SUAe" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-47529271503480332162026-07-22T19:51:39.141-04:002026-07-22T19:51:39.141-04:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHBoX9AUz-uPdQSkNWEFthFo-nzoHXowbHutBOJSGyXzADYHf6RScJC-Hod08e_Q6LXKGR1hhkNd9_zL8zEsK0uA-v8yGOKOVxOIIYBv2qdJMrogf48cRxKu8jJyhob8HB_ZIYllaRrk39RJzuGlSe8FwqYPNr1i1tJa56OF2iVo8nBgFfFl7v/s1408/Gemini_Generated_Image_e5ma6ne5ma6ne5ma.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1408" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHBoX9AUz-uPdQSkNWEFthFo-nzoHXowbHutBOJSGyXzADYHf6RScJC-Hod08e_Q6LXKGR1hhkNd9_zL8zEsK0uA-v8yGOKOVxOIIYBv2qdJMrogf48cRxKu8jJyhob8HB_ZIYllaRrk39RJzuGlSe8FwqYPNr1i1tJa56OF2iVo8nBgFfFl7v/w400-h219/Gemini_Generated_Image_e5ma6ne5ma6ne5ma.png" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: x-large;"><b>Tisha b'Av Shiur:</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: x-large;"><b>The Ramban's Synopsis&nbsp;</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: x-large;"><b>of the Book of Iyov (Job)</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: large;">&nbsp;Tisha B'Av 5786, Jul 23, 2026</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: large;">part 1 (40 minutes): 4:00 pm EDT</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: large;">part 2 (40 minutes): 6:30 pm EDT</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: large;"><b>Zoom links below:</b></span></div><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">In his <i>Sh'ar HaGmul</i>&nbsp;the Ramban synopsizes the Book of Iyov (Job). We will go through his summary. We will display it on the screen, but you can also download it at&nbsp;<a href="https://hebrewbooks.org/65162">https://hebrewbooks.org/65162</a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">I don't think we can do it in one 40 minute Zoom. So we will do it in two parts:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><b>Part 1: 4:00 pm EDT:</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://us04web.zoom.us/j/4552449680?pwd=bkpOMWpJdk1lUDJvUlJZdjhHdVc0Zz09&amp;omn=78928159160"><b>https://us04web.zoom.us/j/4552449680?pwd=bkpOMWpJdk1lUDJvUlJZdjhHdVc0Zz09&amp;omn=78928159160</b></a></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><b>Part 2: 6:30 pm EDT:</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://us04web.zoom.us/j/4552449680?pwd=bkpOMWpJdk1lUDJvUlJZdjhHdVc0Zz09&amp;omn=78425499692"><b>https://us04web.zoom.us/j/4552449680?pwd=bkpOMWpJdk1lUDJvUlJZdjhHdVc0Zz09&amp;omn=78425499692</b></a></span></p>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-28499296932369176512026-07-22T03:40:49.353-04:002026-07-22T03:40:49.353-04:00<div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/q-KQrVQ_RqA?si=Vm2qLIbeF9u4-Wzh" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">A recording for the BHP daily Halachic Whatsapp group <a href="https://chat.whatsapp.com/Gz8rrxqRcfy9rMOXRLG6GS">https://chat.whatsapp.com/Gz8rrxqRcfy9rMOXRLG6GS</a></span></span></div><p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</p></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-22125169289391032302026-07-20T12:55:07.086-04:002026-07-20T12:55:07.086-04:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNexURFYO2pQdKXGTLqMq7jouD3nCNQxi7tYul8uDkERtxyOLxUgCYm7J6EhZXUyJ1h7HyQMp7fOUfI8nIak8s4QG6tu2Ow7m36xAk68YzXQRSDjhG0AfRvkFZwB-7-qYQZOZLMiwkTeYxF7Q0-5AvJRHAbtEFhG4pFQcPNcb-b9_0z2b-bLrY/s1402/d18e9eb3-8206-4991-960f-5c54226d4686.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1122" data-original-width="1402" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNexURFYO2pQdKXGTLqMq7jouD3nCNQxi7tYul8uDkERtxyOLxUgCYm7J6EhZXUyJ1h7HyQMp7fOUfI8nIak8s4QG6tu2Ow7m36xAk68YzXQRSDjhG0AfRvkFZwB-7-qYQZOZLMiwkTeYxF7Q0-5AvJRHAbtEFhG4pFQcPNcb-b9_0z2b-bLrY/s320/d18e9eb3-8206-4991-960f-5c54226d4686.png" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/A2Z19UzMFB8?si=uXIW_bVfeZw4cHk2" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><h1><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Uganda Shiur - July 20</span></h1><h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></h2> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=18.0" title="PLAY @0:18"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">To study Gemara stories about the destruction of the Second Temple.</span></a></p> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=319.0" title="PLAY @5:19"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>God's Power is Absolute:</strong> The story of Titus's death by a gnat illustrates that God's power is not limited to specific domains (e.g., water) but is absolute, using any tool, no matter how small, to overcome the mightiest foes.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1074.0" title="PLAY @17:54"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Internal Strife Destroys:</strong> The destruction of the Second Temple was caused by <em>sinat chinam</em> (baseless hatred). The Gemara states that any generation in which the Temple is not rebuilt is as if it was destroyed, implying that internal fighting continues to prevent its return.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1321.0" title="PLAY @22:01"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Prayer's Power is Universal:</strong> Sincere prayer is answered regardless of the petitioner's intent. The Roman emperor's sincere prayer for victory was answered, while the Jew Bar de Roma's complaint against God was punished.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1886.0" title="PLAY @31:26"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Land of Israel's Supernatural Quality:</strong> The Land of Israel is described as "the land of deer," meaning it expands to accommodate its inhabitants when settled and contracts when empty. This explains how it could support massive populations in the past and continues to do so today.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Destruction of the Second Temple</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1074.0" title="PLAY @17:54"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Cause:</strong> The Temple was destroyed due to <em>sinat chinam</em> (baseless hatred) and public shaming among Jews.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1117.0" title="PLAY @18:37"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Consequence:</strong> The Gemara states that any generation in which the Temple is not rebuilt is as if it was destroyed, implying that internal fighting continues to prevent its return.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Titus's Hubris and Punishment</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=39.0" title="PLAY @0:39"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Hubris:</strong> After destroying the Temple, Titus challenged God's power, believing it was limited to water.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=196.0" title="PLAY @3:16"><strong>Divine Punishment:</strong> A gnat entered Titus's nostril and gnawed at his brain for 70 years.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=205.0" title="PLAY @3:25"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Temporary Relief:</strong> The gnat was silenced by the sound of a blacksmith's hammer.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=220.0" title="PLAY @3:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Titus's Reaction:</strong> He paid Gentile blacksmiths but told Jewish ones, "It is enough for you that you see your enemy in so much pain."</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=249.0" title="PLAY @4:09"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>End of Relief:</strong> After 30 days, the gnat became accustomed to the sound and resumed its torment.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=413.0" title="PLAY @6:53"><strong>Death &amp; Afterlife:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=413.0" title="PLAY @6:53"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Final Act:</strong> Titus ordered his body burned and ashes scattered to evade divine judgment.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=690.0" title="PLAY @11:30"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Punishment:</strong> In the afterlife, he is subjected to the very fate he tried to escape.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Onkelos's Necromancy</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=461.0" title="PLAY @7:41"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Context:</strong> Onkelos, Titus's nephew, raised three figures from the dead to ask about the afterlife before converting to Judaism.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=525.0" title="PLAY @8:45"><strong>Titus's Counsel:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=532.0" title="PLAY @8:52"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Importance:</strong> The Jewish people.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=575.0" title="PLAY @9:35"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Conversion Advice:</strong> Don't convert; the commandments are too numerous. Instead, fight against them to become a leader, citing the verse "her adversaries have become the chief."</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=771.0" title="PLAY @12:51"><strong>Balaam's Counsel:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=532.0" title="PLAY @8:52"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Importance:</strong> The Jewish people.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=810.0" title="PLAY @13:30"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Conversion Advice:</strong> Don't seek their peace or welfare.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=846.0" title="PLAY @14:06"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Punishment:</strong> Cooked in boiling for causing Israel to sin with the daughters of Moab.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=903.0" title="PLAY @15:03"><strong>Jesus's Counsel:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=532.0" title="PLAY @8:52"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Importance:</strong> The Jewish people.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=927.0" title="PLAY @15:27"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Conversion Advice:</strong> Yes, seek their welfare. "For anyone who touches them, it is as if they are touching the apple of his eye."</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=964.0" title="PLAY @16:04"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Punishment:</strong> Boiled in excrement for mocking the words of the sages.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Fall of King's Mountain</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1180.0" title="PLAY @19:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Catalyst:</strong> Roman soldiers stole a rooster and hen from a Jewish wedding procession. The residents attacked the soldiers, triggering a Roman invasion.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1301.0" title="PLAY @21:41"><strong>Bar de Roma:</strong> A powerful Jewish warrior who could jump a <em>mil</em> (approx. 1.5 km) and killed many Romans.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1459.0" title="PLAY @24:19"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Downfall:</strong> He complained to God as a statement of fact ("You have rejected us"), unlike King David, who asked a question. This was punished by a snakebite in an outhouse.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1579.0" title="PLAY @26:19"><strong>Final Destruction:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1579.0" title="PLAY @26:19"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Misstep:</strong> After the Romans retreated, the Jews held a massive, public celebration.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1612.0" title="PLAY @26:52"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Roman Response:</strong> The emperor interpreted this as mockery, returned, and massacred the city's inhabitants for three days and nights.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Land of Israel's Supernatural Quality</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1737.0" title="PLAY @28:57"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Exaggerated Numbers:</strong> The Gemara uses symbolic numbers (e.g., 600,000 cities) to describe the Land of Israel's past population.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/nArjH6gc-Yq_7c8xTzrYYk_7yXpqV679?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1886.0" title="PLAY @31:26"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Reconciliation:</strong> The land is "the land of deer," meaning it expands to accommodate its inhabitants when settled and contracts when empty. This explains how it could support massive populations in the past and why it appears smaller today.</span></a></li> </ul> <ul><li><ul><li><br /></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">&nbsp;</span></p>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-54190322517165179782026-07-19T11:22:06.390-04:002026-07-19T11:22:06.390-04:00<div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LUNMPPHL8Ss?si=iNwiaaQGO94zNtlP" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div><h1><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Moriah by Rabbi Dr Isaac Breuer - July 19</span></h1><h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></h2> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=36.0" title="PLAY @0:36"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">To analyze Rabbi Dr. Isaac Breuer's philosophy on nature, creation, and history.</span></a></p> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=545.0" title="PLAY @9:05"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Nature (Teva) vs. Creation (Bria):</strong> Nature is a deterministic system of cause and effect, while Creation is the realm of freedom and purpose. Humans, as God's partners, can impose purpose on nature, making them both "poor" (subject to nature) and "kings" (wielding free will).</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1081.0" title="PLAY @18:01"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>History vs. Chronology:</strong> History is a narrative of human visions and freedom, distinct from mere chronology (a timeline of events). The Jewish people introduced the concept of purposeful history, centered on Rosh Hashanah as a day of memory and judgment.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1891.0" title="PLAY @31:31"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Tower of Babel's Impact:</strong> The Tower of Babel was a rebellion of individuals, not nations. Its consequence was the fragmentation of humanity into nations, which then adopted the individualistic goal of "making a name" for themselves.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1846.0" title="PLAY @30:46"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Nation as History's Agent:</strong> Since Babel, the nation has become the primary actor in history. Its strength is defined by its civilization and culture, which are the fruition of its societal development.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Nature (Teva) vs. Creation (Bria)</span></h3> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=121.0" title="PLAY @2:01"><strong>Nature (Teva):</strong> A deterministic system of cause and effect governed by space and time.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=156.0" title="PLAY @2:36"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Space &amp; Time:</strong> Not real entities, but tools for perceiving reality.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=500.0" title="PLAY @8:20"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Principle:</strong> The past governs the future; there is no free choice.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=545.0" title="PLAY @9:05"><strong>Creation (Bria):</strong> The realm of freedom and purpose, where tools serve a purpose (e.g., a hammer for building).</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=601.0" title="PLAY @10:01"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>God's Will:</strong> Absolutely free (subjective) and unconstrained by pre-existing matter (objective).</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=749.0" title="PLAY @12:29"><strong>Human Role:</strong> Humans are God's partners, using free will to impose purpose on nature.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=749.0" title="PLAY @12:29"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Paradox:</strong> Both "poor" (subject to nature's laws) and "kings" (imposing will on nature).</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Society, History, and Culture</span></h3> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=934.0" title="PLAY @15:34"><strong>Society:</strong> Not part of nature; it is a product of human will that imposes order on reality.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=995.0" title="PLAY @16:35"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Active Will:</strong> A free will that desires justice, elevating society from nature to creation.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1081.0" title="PLAY @18:01"><strong>History vs. Chronology:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1261.0" title="PLAY @21:01"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Chronology:</strong> A timeline of events; history without vision.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1523.0" title="PLAY @25:23"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>History:</strong> A narrative of human visions and freedom, centered on civilization.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1449.0" title="PLAY @24:09"><strong>Culture (Tarbus) vs. Civilization (Yeshiva Olam):</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1449.0" title="PLAY @24:09"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Civilization:</strong> What humans extract from nature by controlling its powers.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1449.0" title="PLAY @24:09"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Culture:</strong> What humans put into nature by controlling their own powers (i.e., their visions).</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1349.0" title="PLAY @22:29"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Jewish Contribution:</strong> The Jewish people introduced the concept of purposeful history, where events are judged against a divine plan. Rosh Hashanah is the annual day of memory and judgment, paralleling the creation's culmination.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Nation as History's Agent</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1891.0" title="PLAY @31:31"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Tower of Babel:</strong> A rebellion of individuals, not nations, against God.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1891.0" title="PLAY @31:31"><strong>Consequence:</strong> Humanity fragmented into nations.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1945.0" title="PLAY @32:25"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Shift:</strong> The individualistic goal of "making a name" became nationalized.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1846.0" title="PLAY @30:46"><strong>The Nation:</strong> The primary actor in history since Babel.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/SbZUtJ_2hT91j5TNStmkNJJhHYwTCKZL?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1995.0" title="PLAY @33:15"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Strength:</strong> Defined by its civilization and culture, which are the fruition of its societal development.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2><br /></h2></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-30134038500661723862026-07-16T15:38:45.002-04:002026-07-16T15:38:45.003-04:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1UL1007M6xTH-1_n0GoUuDmrU_lf9DiBuyt0vBqPStkOMgZl4JM2zXeoBj74TBRP4cMlVzTjQ3LJlOK4yiSk2EU5XM4_WjOPrFBvtACYQZITnZ91XIGCTEyzyF8i9nHcsopcJ4gkTnM9xOXzd4JwNW-SOi_tusWbpuen9wfkftxwYVogu0MIR/s1024/acbb3c17-f8ec-419e-adfb-65dffae97845.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="1024" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1UL1007M6xTH-1_n0GoUuDmrU_lf9DiBuyt0vBqPStkOMgZl4JM2zXeoBj74TBRP4cMlVzTjQ3LJlOK4yiSk2EU5XM4_WjOPrFBvtACYQZITnZ91XIGCTEyzyF8i9nHcsopcJ4gkTnM9xOXzd4JwNW-SOi_tusWbpuen9wfkftxwYVogu0MIR/s320/acbb3c17-f8ec-419e-adfb-65dffae97845.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5WKOU9Vsosw?si=CQ2QxBthjTJlYu_z" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: xx-large; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Merriweather; font-size: xx-large; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Rabban Yochan ben Zakkai and Vespasian - <i>Gittin </i>56a, Uganda Shiur</b></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span><h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></h2> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=6.0" title="PLAY @0:06"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">To study the Gemara's account of the Second Temple's destruction.</span></a></p> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=60.0" title="PLAY @1:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Zealots' Self-Destructive Tactics:</strong> To force a war, Zealots burned Jerusalem's food stores, causing a famine that killed the wealthy Martha Bat-Betus and rendered money worthless.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=425.0" title="PLAY @7:05"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai's Escape:</strong> The leading sage escaped the city by faking his death, a plan devised with his Zealot-leader nephew, Abba Sikra.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1120.0" title="PLAY @18:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Strategic Requests to Vespasian:</strong> Ben Zakkai secured three favors from the Roman general (sparing Yavneh, the Nasi's dynasty, and Rabbi Tzadok) to ensure Jewish survival, choosing modest requests over a doomed plea to save the Temple.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1546.0" title="PLAY @25:46"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Titus's Blasphemous Act:</strong> The new Roman general defiled the Holy of Holies, interpreting the curtain's miraculous bleeding as a sign he had "killed God," a moment the Gemara uses to explain divine silence in the face of evil.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Zealots' Famine &amp; Its Consequences</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=60.0" title="PLAY @1:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Goal:</strong> Force a war against the Romans by creating a desperate situation.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=60.0" title="PLAY @1:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Method:</strong> Burned Jerusalem's food stores (wheat, barley).</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=88.0" title="PLAY @1:28"><strong>Outcome:</strong> A severe famine that killed the wealthy Martha Bat-Betus.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=93.0" title="PLAY @1:33"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Her agent failed to find any flour, even coarse or barley.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=158.0" title="PLAY @2:38"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">She died from disgust after stepping on dung, a symbol of her sudden loss of privilege.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=204.0" title="PLAY @3:24"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Alternative Account:</strong> She died from disgust after eating a fig from Rabbi Tzadok, whose 40-year fast left him too weak for solid food.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=371.0" title="PLAY @6:11"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Symbolic Act:</strong> She threw her gold and silver into the streets, proving money was worthless without food.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai's Escape</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=425.0" title="PLAY @7:05"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Context:</strong> The leading sage (peace faction) and his nephew, Abba Sikra (Zealot leader), met in secret.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=506.0" title="PLAY @8:26"><strong>Plan:</strong> Ben Zakkai would fake his death to escape the city.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=521.0" title="PLAY @8:41"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Method:</strong> Pretend illness → place putrid material nearby → have students carry the coffin for burial.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=587.0" title="PLAY @9:47"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Rationale:</strong> Only students could carry the coffin; others would notice a living person is lighter than a corpse ("dead weight").</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=610.0" title="PLAY @10:10"><strong>Execution:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=618.0" title="PLAY @10:18"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Zealot guards at the gate demanded to stab the body to confirm death.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=618.0" title="PLAY @10:18"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Ben Zakkai's students refused, arguing it would disgrace their rabbi and be seen as a Roman propaganda victory.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=670.0" title="PLAY @11:10"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The guards relented, allowing the escape.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Encounter with Vespasian &amp; Strategic Requests</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=674.0" title="PLAY @11:14"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Prophecy:</strong> Ben Zakkai greeted Vespasian as "king," prophesying his future emperorship.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=829.0" title="PLAY @13:49"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Vespasian's Analogy:</strong> He rejected saving Jerusalem, comparing it to breaking a honey barrel to kill a snake (the Zealots).</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=876.0" title="PLAY @14:36"><strong>Ben Zakkai's Counter-Analogy (Post-Facto):</strong> He should have suggested using tongs to remove the snake, saving the barrel.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=876.0" title="PLAY @14:36"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Gemara's Explanation:</strong> God prevented this thought, as the Temple's destruction was part of a divine plan.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1110.0" title="PLAY @18:30"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Vespasian's Favor:</strong> After becoming emperor, he offered Ben Zakkai a request.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1120.0" title="PLAY @18:40"><strong>The Three Requests (Pillars of Post-Destruction Survival):</strong></a> </span><ol> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1120.0" title="PLAY @18:40"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Yavneh:</strong> Spare the city and its sages to rebuild Torah scholarship.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1171.0" title="PLAY @19:31"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Rabban Gamliel:</strong> Spare the Nasi (political leader) and his dynasty to preserve leadership.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1221.0" title="PLAY @20:21"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Rabbi Tzadok:</strong> Provide doctors to heal him.</span></a></li> </ol> </li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1255.0" title="PLAY @20:55"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Rationale for Modest Requests:</strong> To ensure at least some survival, as asking for too much (e.g., sparing the Temple) would likely result in nothing.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Titus's Defilement of the Holy of Holies</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1370.0" title="PLAY @22:50"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Successor:</strong> Vespasian left for Rome, appointing his son Titus to continue the siege.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1546.0" title="PLAY @25:46"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Blasphemous Act:</strong> Titus entered the Holy of Holies with a prostitute, spread a Torah scroll as a mattress, and cut the curtain with a sword.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1582.0" title="PLAY @26:22"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Miracle &amp; Misinterpretation:</strong> The curtain bled, a sign of God's mourning. Titus, an idol-worshipper, believed he had "killed God."</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1707.0" title="PLAY @28:27"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Gemara's Theological Point:</strong> God's silence in the face of evil preserves free will.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1768.0" title="PLAY @29:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Loot:</strong> Titus used the curtain as a basket to carry sacred vessels to Rome.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1380.0" title="PLAY @23:00"><strong>Arch of Titus:</strong> A Roman monument celebrating this victory, featuring a sculpture of the menorah.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/HeKRkgT_Kbc3LyJTwTrxhn1Kwyhxr9Th?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1437.0" title="PLAY @23:57"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Jews avoided walking under it until 1948, when Israel's independence symbolized their ultimate survival.</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">&nbsp;</span></p>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-52564279822565954742026-07-16T14:35:53.495-04:002026-07-16T14:36:28.310-04:00<p><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: large;"><b>&nbsp;I did not participate in this episode.</b></span></p><p><a href="https://listen.jewishpodcasts.fm/yeshivaofnewark/120320"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><b>https://listen.jewishpodcasts.fm/yeshivaofnewark/120320</b></span></a></p><div style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="Rischa D'Araisa-Season 13-Episode 13-&quot;The Gift of the AI&quot;- Ease of use can cripple intellectual growth and encourage our worst instincts" class="w-full rounded-lg object-cover shadow-md" data-nimg="1" decoding="async" height="600" loading="lazy" src="https://jewishpodcasts-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/protected/560/1784208123949.jpg" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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--tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box;"><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;">Rischa D'Araisa: Season 13 Episode 13:</span></h1><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.875rem; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-size: 1.875rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">"The Gift of the AI"</span></span></h1><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.875rem; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-size: 1.875rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">- Ease of use can cripple intellectual growth and encourage our worst instincts</span></span></h1></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-86796471943235819352026-07-14T13:20:17.363-04:002026-07-14T13:20:17.363-04:00<span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><div style="text-align: justify;">From Rabbi Yosef Davis of TorahAnytime.com:</div></span><span style="background-color: white;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span></div></span><b><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">R' Yosef Gavriel does many impressive things very very well. He is a Rebbe par excellence, a community leader, an author, mentor, and a true inspiration to those striving to live a true Torah life (to name a few). I have heard first hand from his students at Ohr Somayach Monsey what a tremendous positive impact he has on their lives. He is on the front lines molding and shaping the future of Klal Yisrael.</span></b></div></b></span><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><b>TorahAnytime.com has had the <i>zechus </i>to record and disseminate his Torah for years to the benefit of thousands of Jews worldwide. He consistently delivers stellar shiurim that jog the mind and leave delicious food for thought. I would highly recommend getting in touch with him for your next speaking engagement or Shabbaton.</b></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">We have a large repertoire of topics and programs.&nbsp;</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">Baruch Hashem, we have been very well received in many venues, including&nbsp;shuls, communal organizations, and educational institutions,&nbsp;</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">as well as hotel scholar-in-residence events and programs.</span></div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;">Below you will find programs we have done in the past and an expanded list of topics.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimrfNn6HUzh5Gt3n87O5w6mc-hBK9kyEPdcSMcqaKBU17YXT76zB049enFhKLEEyywSASqAqNrjmIUMKHD2LroL3IGaaIXZo3AYbVS6dXLaCtc7lL_fcd99bYIP1IZpOeurj6iz54ZmsU1FxnqV26AB4DEpvU6R1Yxkn8I46gw9FNiJIiF1V1H/s1426/48642.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1426" data-original-width="1103" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimrfNn6HUzh5Gt3n87O5w6mc-hBK9kyEPdcSMcqaKBU17YXT76zB049enFhKLEEyywSASqAqNrjmIUMKHD2LroL3IGaaIXZo3AYbVS6dXLaCtc7lL_fcd99bYIP1IZpOeurj6iz54ZmsU1FxnqV26AB4DEpvU6R1Yxkn8I46gw9FNiJIiF1V1H/w496-h640/48642.png" width="496" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzGvMJ9sQv3KQc3FXKka38_CrfRAqsujDIpbhtWKgW1h3wSf5iu72Oeu4Xw8dY74z6wl7xduRjQV4D3yNaY4C8YeKJo91gcPA8RV8jFHaQayAwybOydWotC1V5Vvb2yWiv2StcSR2nh4GIaVlTZEXokfHTjmEw0eumI6PjOZ6RXWhyphenhyphendpbfOBH7/s1650/Kesher%20Israel%20Scholar%20In%20Residence_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1650" data-original-width="1275" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzGvMJ9sQv3KQc3FXKka38_CrfRAqsujDIpbhtWKgW1h3wSf5iu72Oeu4Xw8dY74z6wl7xduRjQV4D3yNaY4C8YeKJo91gcPA8RV8jFHaQayAwybOydWotC1V5Vvb2yWiv2StcSR2nh4GIaVlTZEXokfHTjmEw0eumI6PjOZ6RXWhyphenhyphendpbfOBH7/w494-h640/Kesher%20Israel%20Scholar%20In%20Residence_1.jpg" width="494" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: large; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Other programs we have run include:</span></span></div></div></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: large;">A Shabbaton at&nbsp; the Mt. Sinai Jewish Center in the Washington </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: large;">Heights </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: large;">neighborhood in Manhattan. My wife discussed the “State of </span><i style="color: #222222; font-size: large;">Chinuch </i><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: large;">in North America,” and “Feminism and the founding of the Bais Yaakov Movement.” I spoke on “The Washington Heights Eruv Controversy,” and gave a </span><i style="color: #222222; font-size: large;">drasha </i><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: large;">on the </span><i style="color: #222222; font-size: large;">Shira </i><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: large;">and </span><i style="color: #222222; font-size: large;">“Ta'amu u're'u ki tov Hashem.”&nbsp;</i></span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #222222; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">A Shabbation at Cong. HOJMI in Calgary, Alberta where I spent Friday involved in eruv planning and design. Over Shabbos I discussed “Modern Orthodoxy or Orthodox Modernism,” and “Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch as a Guide for the 21st Century.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div align="CENTER" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #2c001e;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><u><b><br /></b></u></span></span></div><div align="CENTER" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #2c001e;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><u><b><br /></b></u></span></span></div><div align="CENTER" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="color: #2c001e;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><u><b>An Assortment of Topics </b></u><u><b>that have been addressed in shiurim</b></u><u><b> by Rabbi Yosef Gavriel Bechhofer</b></u></span></span></div><div align="CENTER" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><center><table cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" style="width: 624px;"><colgroup><col width="295"></col><col width="295"></col></colgroup><tbody><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;"><u><b>Emunah &amp; Hashkafah:</b></u></div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;"><u><b>Contemporary</b></u></div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;"><u><b>&amp; Practical Halachic Issues:</b></u></div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Age of the Universe</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Eruvin in Metropolitan Areas</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Evidence and Emunah</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Definition of Death in Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Does Reason Serve Faith</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">or Faith Serve Reason</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Organ Transplants</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Tradition, History &amp; Belief</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Curtailing Treatment of the Terminally Ill</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Authenticity of the Torah</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Cholov Yisroel</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Bechira Chofshis: How Free are We?</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Agunah Problems &amp; Related Issues</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Divine Providence</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Buying Meat in Non-Jewish Owned Stores</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Unity of G-d</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Banking in a Jewish Owned Bank</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">G-d's Incorporeality</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">When &amp; What</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Mechitza is Required by Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Creation Ex Nihilo</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">May Jews Return to Spain</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Worshiping G-d — Nothing Else</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Changing Neighborhoods</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Prophecy</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Halachic Attitudes Towards Secular Studies</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Prophecy of Moshe Rabbeinu</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Use of Microphones in Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Divine Origin of Torah</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Women in Jewish Communal Life</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Torah will not be Abrogated</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Gelatin</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">G-d's Omniscience</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Organized Labor &amp; Strikes</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Reward &amp; Punishment</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Tzedaka &amp; Ma'aser Kesafim</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Moshiach: Are These Messianic Times?</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Glatt Kosher</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Resurrection of the Dead</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Sheimos: What are They</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">&amp; How to Dispose of Them</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">These &amp; Those</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">are the Words of the Living G-d</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Headcovering for Women</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Our Relationship with Previous Generations</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Great International Dateline Controversy</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Impact of Kabbala on Machashava</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Bishul Akum</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Sophisticated Chesed</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Teaching Torah to Non-Jews</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Denominational Attitudes</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Yeshivot Hesder in Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Sinners Within &amp; Ahavas Yisroel</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">AIDS</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Greater They Are, The Greater Their Fall</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Cheating on Your Taxes</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Chronologies of</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">the 2^nd Beis HaMikdosh Period</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Kol Isha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Brazenness &amp; Bashfulness</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Ashkenazic vs. Sepharadic Pronunciation</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Exploring Chutzpa</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Suing Your Rabbi for Malpractice</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">What is True Yiras Shomayim</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Copyrights in Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Tefilla &amp; Avodas Hashem Workshops</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Autopsies &amp; Biopsies</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Truth &amp; Falsehood</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Plastic Surgery &amp; Diets</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Malachim (Angels):</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">What are They/What do they Do?</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Communal Unity</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Bein Yisroel L'Amim: Judaism &amp; Christianity</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Shabbos Cosmetics</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">What is Kedusha &amp; How is it Achieved</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Cigarette Smoking in Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Torah she'be'al Peh as the Focus</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">May Women Wear Pants?</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Analyzing Agadata</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Music in Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Time &amp; Times in Judaism</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Conversion</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Leviathan</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Laws of Waiting on Line</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">&amp; Priorities in a Waiting Room</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Bitachon: Trust in G-d</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Teshuva &amp; Kiruv</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Para Aduma</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Magic &amp; Magicians in Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Kilayim &amp; Sha’atnez</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Practical Hilchos Mezuza</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Basar Ve'Chalav</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Abortion</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Kisui HaDam</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Halachos of Shabbos Goyim</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Pride &amp; Humility</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Electric Lights in Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Friendship</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Vegetarianism in Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Simchas Chosson V'Kalla</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Shabbos Elevators</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Ta’amei ha’Mitzvos</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Heter Iska</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Zav &amp; Zava</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Entering Churches &amp; Mosques</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Mikveh</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Rebuking Wrongdoers</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Orlah</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Cooking for &amp; on Shabbos &amp; Yom Tov</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Aleynu</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Entering the Temple Mount</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Atah Kadosh</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Restoring Avodas HaKorbonos</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Atah Bechartanu</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Techeles</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Eating Jewishly</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Extradition</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Frankfurt vs. Volozhin</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">In Vitro Fertilization</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">G-d Diminished the Moon?</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Surrogate Motherhood</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Acher: Elisha ben Avuya</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Dayanim &amp; Batei Din in Modern Times</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Jewish Concept of Thanksgiving</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Semicha &amp; Psak Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Shiluach HaKen</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Corporal &amp; Capitol Punishment in Our Times</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Hallel</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Opening Other People’s Mail</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Prophecy of Bilam</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Havdala</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Chopping Down Fruit Trees</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Use of Lie Detectors in Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Of Donkeys &amp; Cold</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Disturbing the Peace:</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Exhuming &amp; Relocating Graves</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Prophecy: Dreams</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">From Soup to Nuts:</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Eating a Meal al pi Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Sippur Yetzias Mitzrayim</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Behind Bars with Halacha: Imprisonment</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Yomim Tovim</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Sale of Weapons by Israel</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">to Foreign Countries</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Yomim Noro’im</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Reversing Bal Tashchis: Recycling</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Chana &amp; Shmuel HaNavi</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Close Shaves with Halacha: Electric Razors</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Shaul HaMelech</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Business Partnerships with a Goy</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Plishtim</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Partnerships with Mechalelei Shabbos</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Existence</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">May a Jew Own Stock</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">in a Company that Trades in Treifos?</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Ba'alei Machashava on War</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Medicines/Medical Procedures</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">on Shabbos/Yom Tov</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Kochi v'Otzem Yadi</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Is a Promise Halachically Binding?</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Courage &amp; Cowardice</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">What &amp; Why</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Rabbinic Ordinances are Binding</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Sanctity &amp; Profanity</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Brokerage:</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Shadchanim &amp; Real Estate Agents</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Shimshon</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">What's a Bracha &amp; How Does it Work?</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Dovid HaMelech</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Rise &amp; Shine: Getting Up in with Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Bar Kochba</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Wars &amp; Armies</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Gid HaNasheh</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">May a Jew Become a Professional</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Football Player &amp; Related Issues</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Netzach &amp; Hod</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Oh No! You Have a She'eila</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">&amp; no Rabbi to Ask: What do you do?</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Talmid Chochom</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Is Pasteurized Wine Mevushal?</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Din: Judgement</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Fetal Reduction &amp; Related Issues</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Judaism &amp; Freedom</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Stitches on Shabbos</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Name of G-d &amp; the Night of the Seder</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Squeezing &amp; Grinding on Shabbos</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Fifth Cup</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Redistributing the Wealth:</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Yissaschar-Zevulun Relationships</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Kabbolas Shabbos</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Were the Chashmonaim</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Allowed to Assume the Kingship of Israel?</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Rabbi Chanina &amp; Rabbi Yannai</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Chopping Pesukim</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Shabbos:</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Six Tehillim &amp; the Days of the Week</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Sunrise, Sunset: Halachic Times of Day</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Mizmor L'Dovid</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Rising Before the Wise &amp; Senior Citizens</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Longevity &amp; Immortality</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Lifnei Iver</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Astrology</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Rib'is: Subscribing to Jewish Periodicals?</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Male &amp; Female</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The First Year of Marriage</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Challa</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Halachos of Taking Challa from Dough</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Tanya for Misnagdim</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Mitzvah of Ma'akeh</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Ma'avir Rishon Rishon</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Muktzeh</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Beyond Seder</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Shabbos Clocks</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Chumros:</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Is the Way to Heaven Paved with Them?</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Shabbos &amp; Electricity</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Judaism &amp; Monarchy</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Halacha at 35,000 Feet:</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Airplane Travel Issues</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Netzach Yisroel</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Child Abuse</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Magen Dovid</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Happy Endings: Halachos of Haftaros</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Half Hallel</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Constructive Justice? Bribing Public Officials</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Yerushalayim</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Microwave Ovens: Shabbos &amp; Kashrus</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Malchus &amp; Shechina</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Wills &amp; Testaments: Issues &amp; Resolutions</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Havaya”h, Elokim, Tzevako"s, Adnu"s</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Office Parties: Yoreh De'ah Issues</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Tzimtzum</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Social Gatherings: Moshav Leitzim</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Beis HaMikdosh: A Neck</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">A Change of Place:</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Shinui Makom in Berachos</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">288 Nitzotzos</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Effects of Inflation on Halacha</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Eyes of G-d</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Kedushas Bais HaKenesses</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Too Great a Test?</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Finders Keepers?</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Abandoned Objects in Public Places</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Sorcery &amp; Sin</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Kavod &amp; Kerias Sefer Torah</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Amalek &amp; Tomorrow</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">So What's New? Chodosh!</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">The Throne of Dovid and Shlomo</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Is there a Halachic Basis for Yom HaSho'ah?</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Intellect</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Dishwashers:</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Kashrus, Shabbos &amp; Yom Tov</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Rosh and Crown</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Forcing a Husband to Give a Get</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Tzedaka vs. Chesed</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Financial Assistance from non-Jews</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Tanach vs. Chazal</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Da'as Torah</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">in Halachic &amp; Non-Halachic Areas</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Transitions &amp; Chana's Song</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Shabbos Babycare:</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Baby Wipes &amp; Disposable Diapers</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Kaf HaKela: The Catapult</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-bottom: 0.03in; margin-top: 0.07in;">Reuven or Robert?</div><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">English Names for Jewish People</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Gehinnom &amp; Reward</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Good Intentions: Kavana for the Beginning of Shma</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Beards</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Animal Experimentation &amp; Tza'ar Ba'alei Chaim</div></td></tr><tr valign="TOP"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) currentcolor rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid none solid solid; border-width: 1px medium 1px 1px; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Keruvim</div></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); padding: 0in 0.08in;" width="295"><div align="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0.07in;">Pop-Top Halacha: Opening Various Food Containers</div></td></tr></tbody></table></center><br style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: start;" /></div></span></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-64209663145408795392026-07-13T12:15:20.445-04:002026-07-13T12:17:57.009-04:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7OoYofFGH5pmpldJXakXL1YrWeJUXImJ6mMJYLV3pYpTOtHlZ0YZhW5yumLFGauwoEKdr8-u1Dcdox4_IOzp9L9UMopyzJDZ5wspT6rXBMJuOt96syVsgGrjSIOgVrcv9WN7O8kFHofVeIuhGuKWbza0kHr9lHUZprsIEb6dqSBqyrYr-TbsB/s1024/f90bd942-9ed3-4b2f-8b0e-32228593465a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="1024" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7OoYofFGH5pmpldJXakXL1YrWeJUXImJ6mMJYLV3pYpTOtHlZ0YZhW5yumLFGauwoEKdr8-u1Dcdox4_IOzp9L9UMopyzJDZ5wspT6rXBMJuOt96syVsgGrjSIOgVrcv9WN7O8kFHofVeIuhGuKWbza0kHr9lHUZprsIEb6dqSBqyrYr-TbsB/w400-h219/f90bd942-9ed3-4b2f-8b0e-32228593465a.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/irTRj0sYmx8?si=qOfBZqQaDm2X5Q8d" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Fathom Summary:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div><h1><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Kamtza and Bar Kamtza and The Siege Begins - <i>Gittin </i>55a, Uganda Shiur</span></h1><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n" style="font-size: 13px;" target="_blank"><b>VIEW RECORDING - 39 mins (No highlights)</b></a><br /></span><h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></h2> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=293.0" title="PLAY @4:53"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">To study the Gemara's account of the Second Temple's destruction.</span></a></p> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=438.0" title="PLAY @7:18"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Bar Kamsa incident:</strong> A personal slight escalated into a national catastrophe. The rabbis' failure to protest Bar Kamsa's public humiliation led directly to his revenge—slandering the Jews to the Roman emperor—which triggered the war.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1933.0" title="PLAY @32:13"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The zealots' self-sabotage:</strong> Jerusalem's zealots burned the city's food stores (enough for a 21-year siege) to force a war with Rome, rejecting the sages' counsel to make peace and ensuring the city's fall.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1434.0" title="PLAY @23:54"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The principle of non-punishment:</strong> General Nero converted to Judaism after receiving a divine sign that he would be punished for destroying the Temple, even though God had decreed its destruction. This illustrates that one should not be the agent of another's punishment.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Bar Kamsa Incident: A Spark Ignites a War</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=438.0" title="PLAY @7:18"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Gemara (Gittin 55b) attributes the Temple's destruction to the Bar Kamsa incident, a chain of events starting with a personal slight.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=464.0" title="PLAY @7:44"><strong>The Slight:</strong> A host mistakenly invited his enemy, Bar Kamsa, to a feast instead of his friend, Kamsa.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=519.0" title="PLAY @8:39"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The host publicly humiliated Bar Kamsa, rejecting his escalating offers to pay for the meal (from his own portion to the entire feast) and physically ejecting him.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=623.0" title="PLAY @10:23"><strong>The Rabbis' Inaction:</strong> The sages present at the feast did not protest the host's actions.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=623.0" title="PLAY @10:23"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Bar Kamsa interpreted their silence as approval, fueling his desire for revenge against the Jewish leadership.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=678.0" title="PLAY @11:18"><strong>The Revenge:</strong> Bar Kamsa slandered the Jews to the Roman emperor, claiming they were rebelling.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=738.0" title="PLAY @12:18"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Test:</strong> To prove his claim, Bar Kamsa suggested the emperor send a sacrifice. He then secretly blemished the calf, knowing Jewish law would forbid its use while Roman law would not.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=860.0" title="PLAY @14:20"><strong>The Rabbis' Dilemma:</strong> The priests refused the blemished calf, as Jewish law forbids it. This confirmed Bar Kamsa's slander to the emperor.</a> </span><ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=894.0" title="PLAY @14:54"><strong>Proposed Solutions:</strong></a> </span><ol> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=894.0" title="PLAY @14:54"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Sacrifice the calf:</strong> Rejected by Rabbi Zechariah ben Avkulus, who argued it would distort Torah law and teach the public that blemished animals are acceptable offerings.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=976.0" title="PLAY @16:16"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Kill Bar Kamsa:</strong> Rejected by Rabbi Zechariah, who argued it would distort Torah law and teach the public that making a blemish on a sacrifice is a capital offense.</span></a></li> </ol> </li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1016.0" title="PLAY @16:56"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Outcome:</strong> The rabbis, persuaded by Zechariah's arguments, did nothing. This inaction allowed Bar Kamsa's slander to stand, triggering the Roman war that led to the Temple's destruction.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Zealots' Self-Sabotage</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1610.0" title="PLAY @26:50"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The war began with a three-year Roman siege led by Vespasian.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1841.0" title="PLAY @30:41"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Jerusalem's Resources:</strong> The city had immense food and fuel stores, enough to last 21 years.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1933.0" title="PLAY @32:13"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Conflict:</strong> The sages advised making peace, believing the war was unwinnable due to the people's sins. The zealots insisted on fighting.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2010.0" title="PLAY @33:30"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Catastrophe:</strong> To force a war, the zealots burned the city's food and fuel stores, creating a famine that left the population no choice but to fight or starve.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Tisha B'Av Observances</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2138.0" title="PLAY @35:38"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Timing:</strong> A 25-hour fast, from sunset on the 8th of Av to nightfall on the 9th.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2160.0" title="PLAY @36:00"><strong>Restrictions:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2160.0" title="PLAY @36:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">No eating or drinking.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2160.0" title="PLAY @36:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">No leather shoes.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2160.0" title="PLAY @36:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">No washing (except for ritual hand-washing after the bathroom).</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2160.0" title="PLAY @36:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">No oils or perfumes.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2160.0" title="PLAY @36:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">No marital relations.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2160.0" title="PLAY @36:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">No sitting on chairs until noon.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2243.0" title="PLAY @37:23"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Morning Prayers:</strong> No tallit or tefillin. Both are worn during the afternoon Mincha service.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/stemimDdGU5y22vjnQUV2DWES1sF1s6n?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2316.0" title="PLAY @38:36"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Pre-Fast Week (after Shabbat):</strong> No meat, wine, or freshly laundered clothes</span></a></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">&nbsp;</span></p></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-75471505773347268762026-07-12T14:12:41.192-04:002026-07-12T14:13:25.794-04:00<div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/W0U-C9JzSEY?si=mFztCTi8fMpInYlh" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /></span></div><div><h1><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Moriah by Rabbi Dr Isaac Breuer - July 12</span></h1><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Fathom Summary<br /></span><h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></h2> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=720.0" title="PLAY @12:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">To analyze Rabbi Dr. Isaac Breuer's critique of Marxism.</span></a></p> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=320.0" title="PLAY @5:20"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Human Law is Flawed:</strong> Unlike the laws of nature, which are embedded within nature itself, human societies lack an intrinsic "natural law" of justice. All human-made laws are therefore temporary and relative, failing to achieve eternal justice.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=448.0" title="PLAY @7:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Torah as Divine Law:</strong> The Torah is the only source of true, eternal justice, revealed by God to provide the absolute framework for a just society. It is the "natural law" that human societies have failed to discover on their own.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1711.0" title="PLAY @28:31"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Marxism's Fatal Flaw:</strong> Marxism is a form of idolatry that worships the economy, reducing humans to mere "atoms" driven by economic forces. This denies free will and the independent value of justice, making it fundamentally incompatible with the Torah.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1776.0" title="PLAY @29:36"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>The Core Conflict:</strong> The conflict is between the Torah's view of humanity as having divine potential and free will, and Marxism's view of humanity as a mechanistic reflex of economic forces.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Problem of Human Law</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=90.0" title="PLAY @1:30"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Humanity's universal demand for justice has never been fulfilled by human-made law.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=320.0" title="PLAY @5:20"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Why:</strong> The ideal law for society is not embedded within society itself, unlike the laws of nature (e.g., physics) which are intrinsic to the natural world.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=217.0" title="PLAY @3:37"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Result:</strong> All human laws are temporary and relative, designed for specific times and places. They can only negate injustice, not build a perfectly just society.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Torah as the Solution</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=448.0" title="PLAY @7:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Torah is the divine revelation that provides the missing "natural law" for society.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=600.0" title="PLAY @10:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Function:</strong> It is an absolute, eternal system of justice given to the Jewish society at Sinai.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=598.0" title="PLAY @9:58"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Significance:</strong> It compels a just social order, independent of individual agreement, and is the prerequisite for true societal peace.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Marxism: An Idolatry of Economy</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=808.0" title="PLAY @13:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Marxism is a deterministic philosophy that reduces all of society to economic forces.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=808.0" title="PLAY @13:28"><strong>Core Tenets:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=808.0" title="PLAY @13:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Economy is Everything:</strong> The economy is a science with its own laws, like nature.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1380.0" title="PLAY @23:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Humanity as Reflex:</strong> Human will and ideals are mere reflexes of economic conditions.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=947.0" title="PLAY @15:47"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Inevitable Revolution:</strong> History is a series of economic systems (e.g., feudalism → capitalism → communism), with revolutions as an inevitable outcome of economic change.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1508.0" title="PLAY @25:08"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Human Role:</strong> Humans are not agents of change but "midwives of the future," either assisting or resisting inevitable economic developments.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Torah vs. Marxism: A Fundamental Conflict</span></h3> <ul> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1776.0" title="PLAY @29:36"><strong>Humanity:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1847.0" title="PLAY @30:47"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Torah:</strong> Created in the divine image (<code>Tzelem Elokim</code>), with free will and the potential to transcend nature.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1576.0" title="PLAY @26:16"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Marxism:</strong> An "atom" in the economic machine, a mechanistic reflex of economic forces.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1876.0" title="PLAY @31:16"><strong>Justice:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=448.0" title="PLAY @7:28"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Torah:</strong> An independent, eternal ideal revealed by God.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1626.0" title="PLAY @27:06"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Marxism:</strong> A temporary reflex of economic conditions; any sense of justice is a "leftover fire" from Sinai, not an inherent part of the philosophy.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1711.0" title="PLAY @28:31"><strong>Idolatry:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1930.0" title="PLAY @32:10"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Torah:</strong> Prohibits all forms of idolatry.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1930.0" title="PLAY @32:10"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Marxism:</strong> Worshipping the economy is a modern form of idolatry.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Next Steps</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/BRPZgLHrxxKxyyEdE2b56uy33TK7L8Jj?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=2052.0" title="PLAY @34:12"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Yosef Gavriel Bechhofer:</strong> Continue the analysis of "Moriah" by examining the concept of "Ha'am" (the nation) and how history operates on a national level since the Tower of Babel.</span></a></li> </ul><p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">&nbsp;</span></p></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-19235450546480177092026-07-09T13:38:27.669-04:002026-07-09T13:38:27.670-04:00<div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QAoUmSaC5Lc?si=HvjEwSi6CfSJNEop" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">A recording for the BHP daily Halachic Whatsapp group </span><a href="https://chat.whatsapp.com/Gz8rrxqRcfy9rMOXRLG6GS" style="font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://chat.whatsapp.com/Gz8rrxqRcfy9rMOXRLG6GS</a></span></div><p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</p></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-37307267417929190132026-07-09T11:09:39.368-04:002026-07-09T13:01:34.743-04:00<div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FZ4L_WGGOy0?si=LIUUPq3uykaGZfoq" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><b>Uganda Shiur:</b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Merriweather;">The </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Merriweather;">Churban </i><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Merriweather;">Because They Didn't Say </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Merriweather;">Birkat HaTorah</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Merriweather;">,<br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Merriweather;">The Symbolism of 42 &amp; בם,<br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Merriweather;">Anger in </span><i style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Merriweather;">Chutz LaAretz</i></b></span></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Fathom Summary</span></h4><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><br /><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx" style="font-size: 13px;" target="_blank"><b>VIEW RECORDING - 25 mins (No highlights)</b></a><br /></span><h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Meeting Purpose</span></h2> <p><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=177.0" title="PLAY @2:57"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">To explore the spiritual significance of Torah study and the Land of Israel.</span></a></p> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Key Takeaways</span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=380.0" title="PLAY @6:20"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The First Temple was destroyed because the people studied Torah as mere knowledge, not as a transformative guide for life. The daily blessing (bracha) is the key to setting this intention.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=554.0" title="PLAY @9:14"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The 42 desert journeys of <em>Parashat Masei</em> symbolize life's travels, guided by the Torah. The word <em>Bam</em> (in them) has a gematria of 42, connecting the journey to the 42-letter name of God revealed in the <em>Ana B'Koach</em> prayer.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1202.0" title="PLAY @20:02"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael) has an inherent spiritual quality that suppresses anger and violence. This is why the Transjordan tribes, living outside the land, required the same number of cities of refuge (3) as the nine-and-a-half tribes within Israel.</span></a></li> </ul> <h2><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">Topics</span></h2> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Destruction of the First Temple: A Failure of Intention</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=177.0" title="PLAY @2:57"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Gemara (Nedarim 81a) asks why the First Temple was destroyed, citing Jeremiah 9:11.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=333.0" title="PLAY @5:33"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The answer: The people failed to recite the blessing (bracha) before studying Torah.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=380.0" title="PLAY @6:20"><strong>Significance:</strong> This wasn't a failure to learn Torah, but a failure of intention.</a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=429.0" title="PLAY @7:09"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">They treated Torah as secular knowledge (e.g., math, history).</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=456.0" title="PLAY @7:36"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">They missed its true purpose: to be a transformative guide for life, making them holier people.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=483.0" title="PLAY @8:03"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The bracha is the ritual act that sets this sacred intention.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Torah's Role in Life's Journey: The Number 42</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=554.0" title="PLAY @9:14"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><em>Parashat Masei</em> details 42 journeys in the desert, a number with deep spiritual meaning.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=570.0" title="PLAY @9:30"><strong>Connections to 42:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=570.0" title="PLAY @9:30"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Divine Name:</strong> The <em>Ana B'Koach</em> prayer's 42 words reveal a 42-letter name of God.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=677.0" title="PLAY @11:17"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Torah Study:</strong> The word <em>Bam</em> (in them) from "you should speak in them" (V'dibarta Bam) has a gematria of 42.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=720.0" title="PLAY @12:00"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Interpretation:</strong> Life is a journey with 42 "stations." Just as the Jews were guided by a cloud/fire, we are guided by the Torah.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=792.0" title="PLAY @13:12"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Condition:</strong> This divine guidance is only accessible through Torah study performed with the correct intention, set by the bracha.</span></a></li> </ul> <h3><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">The Spiritual Quality of the Land of Israel</span></h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1202.0" title="PLAY @20:02"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><em>Parashat Matot</em> discusses the Transjordan tribes (Reuven, Gad, and half of Menashe), who settled outside Eretz Yisrael.</span></a></li> <li><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1249.0" title="PLAY @20:49"><strong>Disproportionate Cities of Refuge:</strong></a> </span><ul> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1249.0" title="PLAY @20:49"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Inside Israel (9.5 tribes):</strong> 3 cities of refuge.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1249.0" title="PLAY @20:49"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Outside Israel (2.5 tribes):</strong> 3 cities of refuge.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1272.0" title="PLAY @21:12"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Gemara's Explanation:</strong> The Transjordan tribes required an equal number of cities because people outside Israel are more prone to anger and accidental murder.</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://fathom.video/share/jVyYzsWiNyEim94ejjZZ187mTpzmGvSx?tab=summary&amp;timestamp=1347.0" title="PLAY @22:27"><span style="font-family: Merriweather;"><strong>Interpretation:</strong> Eretz Yisrael possesses an inherent spiritual quality that suppresses anger and violence. The ideal state of the Land is one where no one gets angry or kills, even by accident.</span></a></li></ul></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11425001.post-83397706906054311812026-07-08T19:41:29.770-04:002026-07-08T19:41:29.770-04:00<p><span style="font-family: Merriweather;">&nbsp;<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocoDK982gpRnnHtssU5pMB13K75QbLDovICG_hSP_tasAqFdZw1ACxHQZT3TK-iiA7DgEZDwXSrblF9iqGQlbYzRXj8SoUcpfHXQFxd4-bOUAAuT2WRmkIfGxI1RTijucr3DcWdUJHjn1HilIaqlkpW_f92UDwAfS3MTk1ietd0jhm62kiohl/s1408/Gemini_Generated_Image_mzo436mzo436mzo4.png" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1408" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocoDK982gpRnnHtssU5pMB13K75QbLDovICG_hSP_tasAqFdZw1ACxHQZT3TK-iiA7DgEZDwXSrblF9iqGQlbYzRXj8SoUcpfHXQFxd4-bOUAAuT2WRmkIfGxI1RTijucr3DcWdUJHjn1HilIaqlkpW_f92UDwAfS3MTk1ietd0jhm62kiohl/w490-h268/Gemini_Generated_Image_mzo436mzo436mzo4.png" width="490" /></a></span></p><div style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; 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--tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box;"><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></h1><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;">Rischa D'Araisa Season 13 Episode 12:</span></h1><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: x-large;">The Mistake in the</span></h1><h1 class="mb-4 text-3xl font-bold" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246/0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2.25rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: x-large;">"Infallible <i>Gedolim</i>" Principle</span></h1><div><span style="font-family: Merriweather; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://listen.jewishpodcasts.fm/yeshivaofnewark/119967">https://listen.jewishpodcasts.fm/yeshivaofnewark/119967</a></span></div></div>Yosef Gavriel Bechhoferhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10264311760560329892noreply@blogger.com2