Napoleon's Theorem: Generalizations, Variations & Converses

Though it's not clear historically whether Napoleon (1769-1821) actually discovered and proved the theorem named after him, he was a keen geometer nonetheless. Apparently he was once engaged in mathematical discussion with the great mathematicians Lagrange and Laplace until the latter told him, severely: "The last thing we want from you, general, is a lesson in geometry." Laplace later became his chief military engineer. - Coxeter & Greitzer (1967, p. 63), Geometry Revisited.

Napoleon's Theorem: The centres of equilateral triangles constructed on the sides of any triangle ABC form an equilateral triangle (shown with thick edges below).

Napoleon's Theorem

Challenge
1) Try and explain why (prove that) your observations are true.
2) But if you get stuck, have a look at my 2012 book, Rethinking Proof with Sketchpad (free download), which contains a guided discovery and proof of the result (as well as a download link to associated Sketchpad sketches, and in the Teacher Notes, proofs of some of the generalizations below). Or alternatively, consult my other book available at Some Adventures in Euclidean Geometry (free to download).
3) Various proofs are available online as a Google search would reveal. This site, for example, provides an elementary proof, as well as more proofs of related results, and also more historical background. Another reliable source for proofs and historical background to use is, of course, the online encyclopedia Wikipedia's entry on Napoleon's theorem.